陶淵明詠菊
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不归 于 2003-8-6 2:23:00 发表在 读书生活
《宋書》本傳：“嘗九月九日無酒，出宅邊菊叢中坐久，值弘送酒至，即便就酌，醉而後歸。潛不解音聲，而畜素琴一張，無絃，每有酒適，輒撫弄以寄其意。”孫盛《晉陽秋》：“陶潛九月九日無酒，坐宅邊菊叢中，采摘盈拔，望見白衣人至，乃王宏遣送酒，即便就酌。”淵明《九日閒居》序：“余閒居，愛重九之名，秋菊盈園，而持醪靡由，空服九華，寄懷於言。”辭曰：“世短意常多，斯人樂久生。日月依辰至，舉俗愛其名。露淒暄風息，氣澈天象明。往燕無遺影，來雁有餘聲。酒能祛百慮，菊解制頹齡。如何蓬廬士，空視時邇A！塵爵恥虛壘，寒華徒自榮。斂襟獨閒謠，緬焉起深情。棲遲固多娛，淹留豈無成。”《西京雜記》卷三：“九月九日佩茱萸，食蓬餌，飲菊華酒，令人長壽。菊華舒時，并採莖葉，雜黍米釀之。至來年九月九日始熟，就飲焉。故謂之菊華酒。”崔寔《月令》：“九月九日，可採菊花。”淵明之前，詠菊者頗多，《離騷》曰：“朝飲木蘭之墜露兮，夕餐秋菊之落英。”《九章·惜誦》：“播江離與滋菊兮，願春日以為糗芳。”鍾會《菊花賦》：“何秋菊之奇兮，獨華茂乎凝霜。挺葳蕤於蒼春兮，表壯觀乎金商。……於是季秋初九，日數將并。置酒華堂，高會娛情。百卉彫瘁，芳菊始榮。紛葩韡曄，或黃或青。”又云：“夫菊有五美焉。黃華高懸，准天極也；純黃不雜，后土色也；早植晚登，君子德也；冒霜吐穎，象勁直也；流中輕體，神仙食也。”潘尼《秋菊賦》：“既延期以永壽，又蠲疾而弭痾。”引王淑之《蘭菊銘》曰：“蘭既春敷，菊又秋榮。芳薰百草，色豔羣英。孰是芳質，在幽愈馨。”成公綏《菊花頌》曰：“芳踰蘭蕙，茂過松竹。其莖可玩，其葩可服。味之不已，松喬等福。”（《藝文類聚》卷八十一引）淵明“酒能祛百慮，菊解制頹齡”二句，即承此。
按淵明詠菊詩凡三首。《飲酒》七：“秋菊有佳色，裛露掇其英。汎此忘憂物，遠我遺世情。一觴雖獨進，杯盡壺自傾。日入群動息，歸鳥趨林鳴。嘯傲東軒下，聊復得此生。”《和郭主簿》二：“和澤周三春，清涼素秋節。露凝無游氛，天高肅景澈。陵岑聳逸峰，遙瞻皆奇絕。芳菊開林耀，青松冠巖列。懷此貞秀姿，卓為霜下傑。銜觴念幽人，千載撫爾訣。檢素不獲展，厭厭竟良月。”此外，《飲酒》五（采菊東籬下，悠然見南山）、《歸去來兮辭》（三逕就荒，松菊尤存）亦譚及之。定齋曰：“自南北朝以來，菊詩多矣，未有能及淵明詩，語盡菊之妙。如‘秋菊有佳色’，他華不足以當此一‘佳’字。然終篇寓意高遠，皆由菊而發耳。”（四庫本《陶淵明集》卷三引）東坡曰：“靖節以無事為得此生，則見役於物者，非失此生耶？”韓子蒼曰：“往在京口，為曾公卷題《采菊圖》：‘九日東籬采落英，白衣遙見眼能明。向令自有杯中物，一段風流可得成。’蔡天啟屢哦此詩，以為善。然吾嘗謂古人寄懷於物而無所好，然後為達，況淵明之真，其於黃花直寓意耳。至言飲酒適意，亦非淵明極致，向使無酒，但悠然見南山，其樂多矣。遇酒輒醉，醉醒之後，豈知有江州太守哉！當以此論淵明。”（均《苕溪漁隱叢話》前集卷四引）謝應芳《菊軒記》：“夫東籬之菊，猶西山之薇，薄言采之，可以楽飢，若乃賦《離騷》而飡落英者，其庶幾乎？”（《龜巢集》卷十五，四部叢刊本）
《和郭主簿》“芳菊開林耀，青松冠巖列”，松菊並言，《飲酒》四：“栖栖失群鳥，日暮猶獨飛。徘徊無定止，夜夜聲轉悲。厲響思清遠，去來何依依。因值孤生松，斂翮遙來歸。勁風無榮木，此蔭獨不衰。託身已得所，千載不相違。”八：“青松在東園，羣草沒其姿。凝霜殄異類，卓然見高枝。連林人不覺，獨樹心似妗Ｌ釅負岷拢h望時復為。吾生夢幻間，何事絏塵羈。”《擬古》六：“蒼蒼谷中樹，冬夏常如茲。年年見霜雪，誰謂不知時。”所言亦松也。淵明詠松，不僅美其歲寒而不凋、獨立而不懼，亦感其可為“失群鳥”託身之所也。《雜詩》十二：“嫋嫋松標崖，婉孌柔童子。年始二五間，喬柯何可倚。養色含津氣，粲然有心理。”將嫋松與柔童相比，以言孤松貞剛之氣，亦在平時所養也。《閑情賦》：“棲木蘭之遺露，翳青松之餘陰。”《歸去來兮辭》：“景翳翳以將入，撫孤松而盤桓。”《擬古》：“青松夾路生，白雲宿簷端。”則言人以及松，亦楚騷之遺意也。郭祥正《讀陶淵明傳》之一：“我愛陶淵明，超然遺世想。一奏無絃琴，妙曲寄玄響。翛然聽以氣，萬籟應諸掌。舟車就所便，丘壑信孤往。泉涓木欣欣，酌酒助俯仰。酣醉頹雲煙，舒嘯逸羅網。斯人孰可見，夢寐期髴髣。兀如南山松，亭亭植千丈。”（《青山續集》卷二，四庫全書本）洪邁《淵明孤松》：“淵明詩文，率皆紀實，雖寓興花竹間亦然。《歸去來辭》云：‘景翳翳以將入，撫孤松而盤旋。’其《飲酒》詩二十首中一篇云：‘青松在東園，胁輿]其姿。凝霜殄異類，卓然見高枝。連林人不覺，獨樹心似妗！^孤松者是己，此意蓋以自況也。”（《容齋三筆》卷十二）吳師道《吳禮部詩話》：“陶公《歸去來辭》：‘三徑就荒，松菊猶存。’下復云：‘景翳翳以將入，撫孤松而盤桓。’係松於徑荒景翳之下，其意可知矣。又好言孤松，如‘冬嶺秀孤松’，如‘青松在東園，胁輿]其姿’，下云‘連林人不見，獨樹心似妗砸宰詻r也。人但知陶翁菊愛而已，不知此也。”
淵明言松雖較菊為多，而後人却僅思其菊（辛棄疾《浣溪沙》曰：自有淵明方有菊，若無和靖即無梅。）（《稼軒詞編年箋注》卷四）李白《九日登山》：“淵明歸去來，不與世相逐。爲無杯中物，遂偶本州牧。因招白衣人，笑酌黃花菊。”（《全唐诗》卷一百九十七）楊萬里《正S詩話》：“淵明、子美、無己三人作《九日》詩，大概相似。子美云：‘竹葉於人既無分，菊花从此不須開。’淵明所謂‘塵爵恥虛罍，寒花徒自容’也。無己云：‘人事自生今日意，寒花祇作去年香。’此淵明所謂‘日月依辰至，舉俗愛其名’也。”又《賞菊》三曰：“菊生不是遇淵明，自是淵明遇菊生。歳晚霜寒心獨苦，淵明元是菊花精。”（《照肪砣撸牟繀部荆┪奶煜椤栋l彭城》：“今朝正重九，行人意遲遲。回首戯馬臺，野花發葳蕤。草埋范增塜，雲見樊噲旗。時節正如此，道路欲何之。我愛陶淵明，甲子題新詩。白衣送酒來，把菊卧東籬。”（《文山先生文集》卷十四，四部叢刊本）元好问《采菊圗二首》：“信口成篇底用才，淵明此意亦悠哉。枉教詩景分留在，百繞斜川覔不來。”“梦寐煙霞卜四隣，爭教晚節傍風塵。詩成應被南山笑，誰是東籬采菊人。”（《遺山先生文集》卷十三，四部叢刊本）張潮《幽夢影》卷上：“天下有一人知己，可以不恨。不獨人也，物亦有之。如菊以淵明為知己；梅以和靖為知己；竹以子猷為知己；蓮以濂溪為知己；桃一避秦人為知己；杏以董奉為知己；石以米顛為知己；荔枝以太真為知己；茶以盧仝、陸羽為知己；香草以靈均為知己；蓴鱸以季鷹為知己；蕉以懷素為知己；瓜以邵平為知己；雞以宋宗為知己；鵝以右軍為知己；鼓以彌衡為知己；琵琶以明妃為知己：一與之訂，千秋不移。若松之於秦始，鶴之於衛懿，正所謂不可與作緣者也。”若淵明與菊相得益彰，菊因此而欲發光華矣！
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找菊賦之類的資料﹐找到這一篇﹐轉過來參考。
- 涓夊箙鑿婂浘posted on 10/06/2005
徐渭
钱载
陈衡恪
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这三幅菊都为我喜爱，都是野菊花，ASTER(紫苑)属的。
陈衡恪的“菊石图”在大都会博物馆常年展出。陈衡恪又叫陈师曾，是陈寅恪
的长兄，齐白石的老师。
- posted on 10/06/2005
Compositae (Asteraceae) : 2005/10/19
Barnadesiodeae:
Barnadesia,
Dasyphyllum
Cichorioidae (Lactucoideae) : 管状花亚科
Arctotideae 非洲菊族
Arctotis, 蓝目菊 非洲菊
Venidium, 王菊
Berkheya,
Gazania, 勋章菊
Cardueae 红蓝花族
Acroptilon, 顶羽蓟
Amberboa, 珀菊 香芙蓉
Arctium, 牛蒡
Atractylis, 苍术
Carduncellus,
Carduus, 毛飞廉
Carlina, 刺苞菊
Carthamus, 红花
Centaurea, 矢车菊
Cirsium, 蓟
Cousinia,
Cynara, 菜蓟
Echinops, 仙人球
Galactites,
Hemistepta, 泥胡菜
Jurinea, 九苓菊
Leuzea
Onopordum, 大翅蓟
Saussurea, 凤毛菊 雪莲
Serratula 麻花头 升麻
Silybum 水飞蓟
Xeranthemum, 旱花
Lactuceae 莴苣族
Agoseris,
Andryala,
Catananche, 玻璃菊 球蓟
Chondrilla, 粉苞苣
Cicerbita, 岩参
Cichorium, 菊苣
Crepis, 还阳参
Dendroseris,
Hieracium, 山柳菊
Hypochaeris, 猫耳草
Lactuca, 莴苣
Launaea, 栓果菊
Leontodon, 薄雪草
Malacothrix,
Microseris, 孟农
Mycelis,
Picris, 毛运菜
Pilosella,
Prenanthes, 福王草
Scorzonera, 鸦葱 婆罗门参
Sonchus, 苦苣菜
Stephanomeria,
Taraxacum, 蒲公英
Tolpis,
Tragopogon,
Urospermum,
Youngia, 黄鹌菜
Liabeae
Liabum,
Munnozia,
Sinclairia
Mutisieae
Achyrothalamus
Ainsliaea, 鬼督邮
Brachylaena,
Chaetanthera,
Chaptalia,
Dicoma,
Gerbera, 扶郎花 大丁草 太阳菊
Gochnatia,
Jungia,
Leucheria,
Mutisia,
Nassauvia,
Onoseris,
Perezia,
Tarchonanthus,
Trixis
Wunderlichia,
Vernonieae 斑鸠菊族
Baccharoides
Bothriocline,
Centratherum,
Cyanthillium
Distephanus,
Elephantopus, 地胆草
Eremanthus,
Ethulia,
Lepidaploa,
Lessingianthus,
Lychnophora,
Pacourina
Piptocarpha,
Rolandra
Stokesia,
Vernonanthera,
Vernonia, 斑鸠菊
Asteroideae: 舌状花亚科
Anthemideae 菊族
Achillea, 蓍草
Ajania, 亚菊
Anacyclus,
Anthemis, 春黄菊
Argyranthemum, 木茼蒿
Artemisia, 蒿
Athanasia,
Chamaemelum, 甘菊
Chryanthemum 茼蒿
Cladanthus,
Cotula, 山芫荽
Coleostephus, 鞘冠菊
Dendranthema, 菊
Inulanthera,
Ismelia,
Leptinella,
Leucanthemella 小滨菊
Leucanthemum, 滨菊
Lonas,
Matricaria, 母菊
Nipponanthemum,
Rhodanthemum,
Osmitopsis,
Pentzia,
Santolina, 绵衫菊
Sclerorhachis,
Seriphidium, 绢蒿
Tanacetopsis,
Tanacetum, 菊蒿 艾菊
Trichanthemis,
Ursinia,
Astereae 紫苑族
Archibaccharis,
Aster, 紫苑
Apodocephala,
Baccharis
Bellis, 雏菊
Bellium,
Boltonia, 路边菊
Brachycome, 雁河菊
Callistephus 翠菊
Celmisia,
Commidendrum,
Conyza, 野茼蒿
Diplostephium,
Ericameria,
Erigeron, 飞蓬
Felicia, 蓝滨菊
Grangea, 线球菊
Grindelia,
Gutierrezia,
Heteropappus, 狗娃花
Heterotheca,
Kalimeris, 马兰
Lagenophora,
Mechaeranthera,
Melanodendron,
Microglossa, 小舌菊
Olearia,
Psiadia,
Pteronia,
Solidago, 一枝黄
Tetramolophium,
Townsendia,
Vernoniopsis,
Calenduleae 金盏花族
Calendula, 金盏花
Chrysanthemoides,
Dimorphotheca, 异果菊 雨菊
Osteospermum, 蜡菊 麦秆菊
Tripteris
Eupatorieae 泽兰族
Adenostemma,
Ageratina,.
Ageratum, 霍香蓟
Ayapana,
Bartlettina,
Brickellia,
Campuloclinium,
Chromolaena, 香泽兰
Critonia,
Eupatorium, 泽兰 佩兰
Fleischmania,
Gymnocoronis 史必草
Hofmeisteria,
Koanophyllum,
Liatris, 蛇鞭菊 麒麟菊
Mikania, 小泽兰
Neomirandea,
Ophryosporus,
Stevia, 甜菊
Symphyopappus,
Trichocoronis, 下田菊
Trichogonia,
Gnaphalieae 鼠曲草族
Ammobium, 银苞菊
Anaphalis, 香青 籁箫 山荻
Angianthus,
Antennaria, 蝶须菊
Bracteantha,
Cassinia,
Chrysocephalum,
Craspedia, 金绣球
Filago,
Gamochaeta,
Gnapalium 鼠曲草
Helichrysum, 蜡菊
Leontopodium, 火绒草 薄雪草
Leucogenes,
Leucophyta,
Ozothamnus, 奥兹塞木斯 煤油草
Pteropogon,
Raoulia,
Rhodanthe, 鳞托菊
Schoenia
Helenieae 堆心菊族
Arnica,
Dubautia,
Eriophyllum,
Flaveria,
Gaillardia, 天人菊
Helenium, 堆心菊
Hymenopappus,
Hymenoxys,
Lasthenia,
Layia 莱雅菊
Madia,
Pectis,
Perityle,
Porophyllum,
Tagetes, 万寿菊
Thymophylla,
Heliantheae 向日葵族
Acmella, 金钮扣
Ambrosia,
Bidens, 鬼针
Blainvillea,
Calea,
Chrysogonum,
Chrysanthellum,
Coreopsis, 金鸡菊
Cosmos, 秋英 波斯菊
Dahlia, 大丽
Echinacea, 紫锥花
Encelia,
Espeletia,
Flourensia,
Gaillardia, 天人菊
Guizotia, 小葵子
Galinsoga, 小米菊
Helianthella,
Helianthus, 向日葵
Heliopsis, 日光菊
Heptanthus,
Madia,
Melampodium, 美兰菊
Montanoa,
Parthenium, 银胶菊
Pappobolus,
Perymenium,
Ratibida, 松果菊
Rudbeckia, 金光菊
Sanvitalia, 蛇目菊
Scalesia, 木雏菊
Silphium, 松香草
Simsia,
Smallanthus, 天山雪莲
Tithonia, 肿柄菊
Tridax, 顶天草 羽芒菊
Verbesina,
Viguiera,
Wedelia, 蟛蜞菊
Xanthium, 苍耳
Zinnia, 百日菊
Inuleae 旋覆花族
Anisopappus, 山黄菊
Asteriscus,
Blumea, 毛将军 艾纳香
Buphthalmum, 牛眼菊
Inula, 旋覆花
Pulicaria 臭蚤草
Telekia,
Plucheeae 苞菊族
Epaltes, 鹅不吃草
Laggera, 六棱菊
Pluchea, 苞菊
Sphaeranthus,
Senecioneae 千里光族
Abrotanella,
Apodocephala,
Brachyglottis,
Centaurodendron,
Cineraria, 瓜叶菊
Crassocephalum, 昭和草
Cremanthodium, 垂头菊
Dendrorphorbium,
Dendrosenecio,
Dendroseris
Doronicum, 多榔菊
Emilia, 一点红 绒线花
Euryops,
Gynoxys,
Gynura, 三七草 白凤菜
Kleinia, 肉菊
Ligularia, 橐吾
Monticalia,
Othonna,
Packera, 蛮鬼塔
Parasenecio, 山苦
Pentacalia,
Pericallis,
Petasites, 蜂斗菜 款冬
Psacalium,
Roldana,
Pittocaulon,
Pladaroxylon,
Psiadia,
Robinsonia,
Senecio, 千里光
Sinosenecio, 武夷千里光
Sinacalia, 中国千里光
Steirodiscus,
Synotis,
Telanthophora,
Tephroseris,
Vernoniopsis,
Appendix :
Taxon Id Name # Lower Taxa
100085 Acanthocephalus 棘头花属
100100 Acantholepis 棘苞菊属
100132 Acanthospermum 刺苞果属 1
100191 Achillea 蓍属 10
100234 Achyrophorus 猫儿菊属 1
100387 Acroptilon 顶羽菊属 1
100541 Adenocaulon 和尚菜属 1
100591 Adenostemma 下田菊属 3
100805 Ageratum 藿香蓟属 2
100885 Ainsliaea 兔儿风属 12
100912 Ajania 亚菊属 28
100913 Ajaniopsis 画笔菊属 1
101015 Alfredia 翅膜菊属 5
101284 Amberboa 珀菊属 3
101325 Ambrosia 豚草属 2
101580 Anaphalis 香青属 73
101617 Ancathia 肋果蓟属 1
101844 Anisopappus 山黄菊属 1
101977 Antennaria 蝶须属 1
102004 Anthemis 春黄菊属 3
102484 Arctium 牛蒡属 2
102490 Arctogeron 莎菀属 1
102552 Argyranthemum 木茼蒿属 1
102682 Artemisia 蒿属 230
102902 Aster 紫菀属 130
102957 Asterothamnus 紫菀木属 7
103101 Atractylodes 苍术属 5
103136 Aucklandia 云木香菊属 1
103738 Bellis 雏菊属 1
103917 Bidens 鬼针属 11
104032 Blainvillea 百能葳属 1
104121 Blumea 艾纳香属 31
104125 Blumeopsis 拟艾纳属 1
104208 Bolocephalus 球菊属 1
104414 Brachanthemum 短舌菊属 2
104426 Brachyactis 短星菊属 4
104852 Buphthalmum 牛眼菊属 1
104960 Cacalia 蟹甲草属 15
105062 Calendula 金盏花属
105136 Callistephus 翠菊属 1
105245 Calotis 刺冠菊属 1
105378 Camchaya 凋缨菊属 1
105505 Cancrinia 小甘菊属 5
105640 Carduus 飞廉属 3
105666 Carlina 刺苞菊属 1
105695 Carpesium 天名精属 20
105754 Carthamus 红花属 2
105958 Cavea 葶菊属 1
106012 Centaurea 矢车菊属 10
106025 Centipeda 石胡荽属 1
200108 Cephalanoplos 刺儿菜属 2
106109 Cephalorhynchus 头嘴苣属
106450 Chamaemelum 果香菊属 1
106534 Chartolepis 薄鳞菊属 1
106840 Chondrilla 粉苞苣属 1
106893 Chorisis 厚肋苦荬菜属
106957 Chrysanthemum 茼蒿属 3
107071 Cichorium 菊苣属 1
107103 Cineraria 瓜叶菊属
107139 Cirsium 蓟属 50
107433 Cnicus 藏掖花属 1
107644 Coleostephus 鞘冠菊属 1
107911 Conyza 白酒草属 11
108000 Coreopsis 金鸡菊属 3
108151 Cosmos 秋英属 1
108176 Cotula 山芫荽属 2
108214 Cousinia 刺头菊属 11
108299 Cremanthodium 垂头菊属 69
108337 Crepidiastrum 假还羊参属
108351 Crepis 还羊参属 6
108434 Crossostephium 芙蓉菊属 1
108471 Crupina 半毛菊属 1
108785 Cyathocline 杯菊属 1
108971 Cynara 菜蓟属 2
109230 Dahlia 大丽花属 1
109544 Dendranthema 菊属 20
109933 Dichrocephala 金鱼草属 3
110367 Diplazoptilon 重羽菊属 2
110737 Doellingeria 东风菜属 2
110834 Doronicum 多榔菊属 2
111012 Dubyaea 厚喙菊属 2
111246 Echinops 蓝刺头属 17
111273 Eclipta 醴肠属 1
111364 Elachanthemum 紊蒿属 1
111427 Elephantopus 地胆草属 2
111550 Emilia 一点红属 1
200072 Enhydra 沼菊属 1
111779 Epaltes 球菊属 2
111839 Epilasia 鼠毛菊属 1
200128 Erechthites 菊芹属 1
112000 Erigeron 飞蓬属 43
112231 Ethulia 都丽菊属 1
112351 Eupatorium 泽兰属 17
112593 Faberia 花佩属 1
112648 Farfugium 大吴风草属 1
112780 Filago 絮菊属 2
112787 Filifolium 线叶菊属 1
112938 Formania 复芒菊属 1
113131 Gaillardia 天人菊属 2
113149 Galatella 乳苑属 15
113183 Galinsoga 牛膝菊属 2
113266 Garhadiolus 小疮菊属 1
113481 Gerbera 扶郎花属 4
113718 Glossogyne 鹿角草属 1
113778 Gnaphalium 鼠麴草属 24
114003 Grangea 田基黄属 1
114359 Gynura 三七草属 2
114565 Handelia 天山蓍属 1
114856 Helenium 堆心菊属
114871 Helianthus 向日葵属 2
114875 Helichrysum 蜡菊属 3
200139 Hemistepta 泥胡菜属 1
115260 Heteracia 异喙菊属 1
115331 Heteropappus 狗娃花属 16
115341 Heteroplexis 异裂菊属 3
115448 Hieracium 山柳菊属 1
115511 Hippolytia 女蒿属 12
115623 Hololeion 全光菊属 1
115914 Hyalea 琉苞菊属 1
200146 Indoixeris 南亚苦卖菜属
116442 Inula 旋覆花属 25
116668 Ixeris 苦荬菜属 9
116886 Jurinea 苓菊属 14
116927 Kalimeris 马兰属 10
116970 Karelinia 花花柴属 1
116989 Kaschgaria 喀什菊属 2
117199 Koelpinia 蝎尾菊属 1
200079 Krylovia 岩菀属 2
117438 Lactuca 莴苣属 13
117484 Lagenophora 瓶头草属 1
117491 Laggera 六棱菊属 3
117505 Lagoseris 兔苣属 1
117619 Lapsana 稻槎菜属 1
117679 Lasiopus 毛足菊属
117736 Launaea 栓果菊属 2
117867 Leibnitzia 大丁草属 1
117992 Leontopodium 火绒草属 53
118352 Leucanthemella 小滨菊属 1
118354 Leucanthemum 滨菊属 2
118406 Leucomeris 白菊木属 1
118542 Ligularia 橐吾属 117
118670 Linosyris 麻菀属 2
119860 Matricaria 母菊属 2
120554 Microglossa 小舌菊属 1
120704 Mikania 假泽兰属 1
120864 Miyamayomena 裸菀属 3
121445 Myriactis 粘冠草属 7
121488 Myripnois 蚂蚱腿子属 1
121619 Nannoglottis 毛冠菊属 3
122037 Neopallasia 栉叶蒿属 1
122488 Nouelia 栌菊木属 1
122780 Olgaea 鳍蓟属 6
122792 Oligochaeta 寡毛菊属 1
122941 Onopordum 大翅蓟属 2
200163 Opisthopappus 太行菊属 2
123939 Paramicrorhynchus 假小喙菊属
124104 Parthenium 银胶菊属 2
124398 Pentanema 苇谷草属 4
124636 Pertya 帚菊属 4
124686 Petasites 蜂斗菜属 2
124858 Phagnalon 棉毛菊属 1
125392 Picris 毛连菜属 2
125473 Pilostemon 毛蕊菊属 1
125681 Plagiobasis 斜果菊属 1
126103 Pluchea 阔苞菊属 3
126693 Prenanthes 盘果菊属 3
200168 Pseudoelephantopus 假地胆草属 1
127389 Psychrogeton 寒蓬属 2
127401 Ptarmica 长舌蓍属
127447 Pterocaulon 翼茎草属 1
127631 Pulicaria 蚤草属 6
127771 Pyrethrum 匹菊属 18
200175 Rhaponticum 漏芦属 2
128493 Rhynchospermum 秋分草属 1
128840 Rudbeckia 金光菊属 2
128897 Russowia 纹苞菊属 1
129155 Sanvitalia 蛇目菊属 1
129338 Saussurea 风毛菊属 55
129397 Scariola 雀苣属
129477 Schischkinia 白刺菊属 1
129609 Schmalhausenia 虎头蓟属 1
129894 Scorzonera 鸦葱属 6
130085 Senecio 千里光属 33
130166 Seriphidium 绢蒿属 34
130181 Serratula 麻花头属 17
200183 Sheararia 虾须草属 1
200092 Siegesbeckia 豨莶属 4
130368 Silybum 水飞蓟属 1
130659 Solidago 一枝黄花属 5
130663 Soliva 裸柱菊属 1
130683 Sonchus 苦苣菜属 3
130734 Soroseris 绢毛苣属 3
130863 Sphaeranthus 戴星草属 3
131000 Spilanthes 金钮扣属 2
131317 Stemmacantha 漏芦属 2
131472 Steptorhamphus 线嘴苣属
131581 Stilpnolepis 百花蒿属 1
132006 Symphyllocarpus 含苞草属 1
132065 Syncalathium 合头菊属 1
132087 Synedrella 金腰箭属 1
132089 Syneilesis 兔儿伞属 1
132135 Synurus 山牛蒡属 1
132140 Syreitschikovia 疆菊属 1
132217 Tagetes 万寿菊属 2
132267 Tanacetum 菊蒿属 6
132314 Taraxacum 蒲公英属 8
132813 Thespis 歧伞菊属 1
133067 Tithonia 肿柄菊属 1
133279 Tragopogon 婆罗门参属 3
133497 Tricholepis 针苞菊属 2
133601 Tridax 羽芒菊属 1
133732 Tripleurospermum 三肋果属 5
133754 Tripolium 碱菀属 1
133966 Tugarinovia 革苞菊属 2
134005 Turczaninovia 女菀属 1
134025 Tussilago 款冬属 1
134497 Vernonia 斑鸠菊属 28
134656 Vladimiria 川木香属 13
134729 Waldheimia 扁芒菊属 8
134801 Wedelia 蟛蜞菊属 5
135017 Xanthium 苍耳属 4
135030 Xanthopappus 黄缨菊属 1
135079 Xeranthemum 旱花属
135219 Youngia 黄鹌菜属 6
135326 Zinnia 百日菊属 2
===
这个名录花了点时间，自己作个小结，怕对大家也有些用呢！
个人很爱菊花，最爱的是蓍草(Achillea)，不可言说。
http://www.cnbg.net/bbs/showtopic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1216&Forum_ID=53 - posted on 10/06/2005
咏菊
李叔同
亭亭菊一枝，
高标矗晚节。
云何色殷红，
殉教应流血。
忆菊
闻一多
──重阳前一日作
插在长颈的虾青瓷的瓶里，
六方的水晶瓶里的菊花，
攒在紫藤仙姑篮里的菊花；
守着酒壶的菊花，
陪着螯盏的菊花；
未放，将放，半放，盛放的菊花。
镶着金边的绛色的鸡爪菊；
粉红色的碎瓣的绣球菊！
懒慵慵的江西腊哟；
倒挂着一饼蜂窠似的黄心，
仿佛是朵紫的向日葵呢。
长瓣抱心，密瓣平顶的菊花；
柔艳的尖瓣攒蕊的白菊
如同美人底蜷着的手爪，
拳心里攫着一撮儿金栗。
檐前，阶下，篱畔，圃心底菊花：
霭霭的淡烟笼着的菊花，
丝丝的疏雨洗着的菊花，──
金底黄，玉底白，春酿底绿，秋山底紫，……
剪秋萝似的小红菊花儿；
从鹅绒到古铜色的黄菊；
带紫茎的微绿色的、真菊，
是些小小的玉管儿缀成的，
为的是好让小花神儿
夜里偷去当了笙儿吹着。
大似牡丹的菊王到底奢豪些，
他的枣红色的瓣儿，铠甲似的
张张都装上银白的里子了；
星星似的小菊花蕾儿
还拥着褐色的萼被睡着觉呢。
啊！自然美底总收成啊！
我们祖国之秋底杰作啊！
啊！东方底花，骚人逸士底花啊！
那东方底诗魂陶元亮
不是你的灵魂底化身罢？
那祖国底高登高饮酒的重九
不又是你诞生底吉辰吗？
你不像这里的热欲的蔷薇，
那微贱的紫萝兰更比不上你。
你是有历史，有风俗的花。
啊！四千年的华胄底名花呀！
你有高超的历史，你有逸雅的风俗！
啊！诗人底花呀！我想起你，
我的心也开成顷刻之花，
灿烂的如同你的一样；
我想起同我的家乡，
我们的庄严灿烂的祖国，
我的希望之花又开得同你一样。
习习的秋风啊！吹着，吹着！
我要赞美我祖国底花！
我要赞美我如花的祖国！
请将我的字吹成一簇鲜花，
金底黄，玉底白，春酿底绿，秋山底紫，……
然后又统统吹散，吹得落英缤纷，
弥漫了高天，铺遍了大地！
秋风啊！习习的秋风啊！
我要赞美我祖国底花！
我要赞美我如花的祖国！
To A Mountain Daisy
Robert Burns
Wee, modest crimson-tipped flow'r,
Thou's met me in an evil hour;
For I maun crush amang the stoure
Thy slender stem:
To spare thee now is past my pow'r,
Thou bonie gem.
Alas! it's no thy neibor sweet,
The bonie lark, companion meet,
Bending thee 'mang the dewy weet,
Wi' spreckl'd breast!
When upward-springing, blythe, to greet
The purpling east.
Cauld blew the bitter-biting north
Upon thy early, humble birth;
Yet cheerfully thou glinted forth
Amid the storm,
Scarce rear'd above the parent-earth
Thy tender form.
The flaunting flow'rs our gardens yield,
High shelt'ring woods and wa's maun shield;
But thou, beneath the random bield
O' clod or stane,
Adorns the histie stibble field,
Unseen, alane.
There, in thy scanty mantle clad,
Thy snawie bosom sun-ward spread,
Thou lifts thy unassuming head
In humble guise;
But now the share uptears thy bed,
And low thou lies!
Such is the fate of artless maid,
Sweet flow'ret of the rural shade!
By love's simplicity betray'd,
And guileless trust;
Till she, like thee, all soil'd, is laid
Low i' the dust.
Such is the fate of simple bard,
On life's rough ocean luckless starr'd!
Unskilful he to note the card
Of prudent lore,
Till billows rage, and gales blow hard,
And whelm him o'er!
Such fate to suffering worth is giv'n,
Who long with wants and woes has striv'n,
By human pride or cunning driv'n
To mis'ry's brink;
Till wrench'd of ev'ry stay but Heav'n,
He, ruin'd, sink!
Ev'n thou who mourn'st the Daisy's fate,
That fate is thine-no distant date;
Stern Ruin's plough-share drives elate,
Full on thy bloom,
Till crush'd beneath the furrow's weight,
Shall be thy doom!
1786 (Bellis perennis)
To Daisies, not to shut so soon
Robert Herrick. 1591-1674
SHUT not so soon; the dull-eyed night
Has not as yet begun
To make a seizure on the light,
Or to seal up the sun.
No marigolds yet closed are,
No shadows great appear;
Nor doth the early shepherd's star
Shine like a spangle here.
Stay but till my Julia close
Her life-begetting eye,
And let the whole world then dispose
Itself to live or die.
The Marigold
George Wither
Whilst I , the Sunne's bright Face may view,
I will no meaner Light pursue.
When with a serious musing I behold
The grateful and obsequious marigold,
How duly, ev'ry morning, she displays
Her open breast, when Titan spreads his rays;
How she observes him in his daily walk,
Still bending towards him her tender stalk;
How, when he down declines, she droops and mourns,
Bedew'd, as 'twere, with tears, till he returns;
And how she veils her flow'rs when he is gone,
As if she scorned to be looked on
By an inferior eye, or did contemn
To wait upon a meaner light than him;
When this I meditate, methinks the flowers
Have spirits far more generous than ours,
And give us fair examples to despise
The servile fawnings and idolatries
Wherewith we court these earthly things below,
Which merit not the service we bestow.
But, O my God! though groveling I appear
Upon the ground (and have a rooting here
Which hales me downward) yet in my desire
To that which is above me I aspire;
And all my best affections I profess
To Him that is the sun of righteousness.
Oh, keep the morning of His incarnation,
The burning noontide of His bitter passion,
The night of His descending, and the height
Of His ascension ever in my sight,
That imitating Him in what I may,
I never follow an inferior way.
Thistles
Against the rubber tongues of cows and the hoeing hands of men
Thistles spike the summer air
And crackle open under a blue-black pressure.
Every one a revengeful burst
Of resurrection, a grasped fistful
Of splintered weapons and Icelandic frost thrust up
From the underground stain of a decayed Viking.
They are like pale hair and the gutturals of dialects.
Every one manages a plume of blood.
Then they grow grey like men.
Mown down, it is a feud. Their sons appear
Stiff with weapons, fighting back over the same ground.
-- Ted Hughes
Chrysanthemum
Robin Hyde
See that dishevelled head,
Its bronze curls all undone?
I am that one,
The stubborn slattern of your garden bed;
No sweetness for you here, but bittersweet
Admission that my hour must needs be fleet;
A frosty tang of wit, an autumn face,
Perchance the memory of some sharper grace,
That shone beneath the imperial yellow tiles
Nor needed stoop for princely sulks or smiles;
Tatterdemalion courage here, a ghost
To captain some obscure, defeated host . . .
Many the springtime maidens, crisp as snow . . .
Yet, hapless sir, we know
Your fate . . . to love me most.
Ah! Sunflower
William Blake.
Ah Sunflower, weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the sun;
Seeking after that sweet golden clime
Where the traveller's journey is done;
Where the youth pined away with desire,
And the pale virgin shrouded in snow,
Arise from their graves, and aspire
Where my Sunflower wishes to go!
Sunflower Sutra
Allen Ginsberg
I walked on the banks of the tincan banana dock and
sat down under the huge shade of a Southern
Pacific locomotive to look at the sunset over the
box house hills and cry.
Jack Kerouac sat beside me on a busted rusty iron
pole, companion, we thought the same thoughts
of the soul, bleak and blue and sad-eyed, sur-
rounded by the gnarled steel roots of trees of
machinery.
The oily water on the river mirrored the red sky, sun
sank on top of final Frisco peaks, no fish in that
stream, no hermit in those mounts, just our-
selves rheumy-eyed and hungover like old bums
on the riverbank, tired and wily.
Look at the Sunflower, he said, there was a dead gray
shadow against the sky, big as a man, sitting
dry on top of a pile of ancient sawdust--
--I rushed up enchanted--it was my first sunflower,
memories of Blake--my visions--Harlem
and Hells of the Eastern rivers, bridges clanking Joes
Greasy Sandwiches, dead baby carriages, black
treadless tires forgotten and unretreaded, the
poem of the riverbank, condoms & pots, steel
knives, nothing stainless, only the dank muck
and the razor-sharp artifacts passing into the
past--
and the gray Sunflower poised against the sunset,
crackly bleak and dusty with the smut and smog
and smoke of olden locomotives in its eye--
corolla of bleary spikes pushed down and broken like
a battered crown, seeds fallen out of its face,
soon-to-be-toothless mouth of sunny air, sun-
rays obliterated on its hairy head like a dried
wire spiderweb,
leaves stuck out like arms out of the stem, gestures
from the sawdust root, broke pieces of plaster
fallen out of the black twigs, a dead fly in its ear,
Unholy battered old thing you were, my sunflower O
my soul, I loved you then!
The grime was no man's grime but death and human
locomotives,
all that dress of dust, that veil of darkened railroad
skin, that smog of cheek, that eyelid of black
mis'ry, that sooty hand or phallus or protuber-
ance of artificial worse-than-dirt--industrial--
modern--all that civilization spotting your
crazy golden crown--
and those blear thoughts of death and dusty loveless
eyes and ends and withered roots below, in the
home-pile of sand and sawdust, rubber dollar
bills, skin of machinery, the guts and innards
of the weeping coughing car, the empty lonely
tincans with their rusty tongues alack, what
more could I name, the smoked ashes of some
cock cigar, the cunts of wheelbarrows and the
milky breasts of cars, wornout asses out of chairs
& sphincters of dynamos--all these
entangled in your mummied roots--and you there
standing before me in the sunset, all your glory
in your form!
A perfect beauty of a sunflower! a perfect excellent
lovely sunflower existence! a sweet natural eye
to the new hip moon, woke up alive and excited
grasping in the sunset shadow sunrise golden
monthly breeze!
How many flies buzzed round you innocent of your
grime, while you cursed the heavens of the rail-
road and your flower soul?
Poor dead flower? when did you forget you were a
flower? when did you look at your skin and
decide you were an impotent dirty old locomo-
tive? the ghost of a locomotive? the specter and
shade of a once powerful mad American locomo-
tive?
You were never no locomotive, Sunflower, you were a
sunflower!
And you Locomotive, you are a locomotive, forget me
not!
So I grabbed up the skeleton thick sunflower and stuck
it at my side like a scepter,
and deliver my sermon to my soul, and Jack's soul
too, and anyone who'll listen,
--We're not our skin of grime, we're not our dread
bleak dusty imageless locomotive, we're all
beautiful golden sunflowers inside, we're bles-
sed by our own seed & golden hairy naked ac-
complishment-bodies growing into mad black
formal sunflowers in the sunset, spied on by our
eyes under the shadow of the mad locomotive
riverbank sunset Frisco hilly tincan evening sit-
down vision.
Berkeley, 1955
The Ragwort
John Clare
Ragwort, thou humble flower with tattered leaves
I love to see thee come & litter gold,
What time the summer binds her russet sheaves;
Decking rude spots in beauties manifold,
That without thee were dreary to behold,
Sunburnt and bare-- the meadow bank, the baulk
That leads a wagon-way through mellow fields,
Rich with the tints that harvest's plenty yields,
Browns of all hues; and everywhere I walk
Thy waste of shining blossoms richly shields
The sun tanned sward in splendid hues that burn
So bright & glaring that the very light
Of the rich sunshine doth to paleness turn
& seems but very shadows in thy sight.
1823-5, 1924(Senecio jacobaea)
Dandelions
Howard Nemerov
These golden heads, these common suns
Only less multitudinous
Than grass itself that gluts
The market of the world with green,
They shine as lovely as they're mean,
Fine as the daughters of the poor
Who go proudly in spangles of brass;
Light-headed, then headless, stalked for a salad.
Inside a week they will be seen
Stricken and old, ghosts in the field
To be picked up at the lightest breath,
With brazen tops all shrunken in
And swollen green gone withered white.
You'll say it's nature's price for beauty
That goes cheap; that being light
Is justly what makes girls grow heavy;
And that the wind, bearing their death,
Whispers the second kingdom come.
— You'll say, the fool of piety,
By resignations hanging on
Until, still justified, you drop.
But surely the thing is sorrowful,
At evening when the light goes out
Slowly, to see those ruined spinsters,
All down the field their ghostly hair,
Dry sinners waiting in the valley
For the last word and the next life
And the liberation from the lion's mouth.
1955(Taraxacum officinale)
Little Lion Face
May Swenson
Little lion face
I stopped to pick
among the mass of thick
succulent blooms, the twice
streaked flanges of your silk
sunwheel relaxed in wide
dilation, I brought inside,
placed in a vase. Milk
of your shaggy stem
sticky on my fingers, and
your barbs hooked to my hand,
sudden stings from them
were sweet. Now I'm bold
to touch your swollen neck,
put careful lips to slick
petals, snuff up gold
pollen in your navel cup.
Still fresh before night
I leave you, dawn's appetite
to renew our glide and suck.
An hour ahead of sun
I come to find you. You're
twisted shut as a burr,
neck drooped unconscious,
an inert, limp bundle,
a furled cocoon, your
sun-streaked aureole
eclipsed and dun.
Strange feral flower asleep
with flame-ruff wilted,
all magic halted,
a drink I pour, steep
in the glass for your
undulant stem to suck.
Oh, lift your young neck,
open and expand to your
lover, hot light.
Gold corona, widen to sky.
I hold you lion in my eye
sunup until night.
1987
- posted on 10/07/2005
亏你有耐心。当年我在中科院生物所时，大家都不愿搞分类，嫌太枯燥。
可以在北美收集不少菊花呢！纽约人没有地方可种吧？(逗逗你)
xw wrote:
Compositae (Asteraceae) :
这个名录花了点时间，自己作个小结，怕对大家也有些用呢！个人很爱菊花，最爱的是蓍草(Achillea)，不可言说。
http://www.cnbg.net/bbs/showtopic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1216&Forum_ID=53 - Re: 闄�?Y鏄�?鑿�(涓嶅綊)posted on 10/07/2005
是龟哥（胡不归）的大作吧，他曾经发给V一个论陶渊明的专著，忙于营生，竟没时间读，惭愧。V的硕士论文就和陶渊明有关。 - posted on 10/07/2005
田园将芜胡不归，但我GOOLGE到的说是不归，不归就不归吧。。。
这么多兄弟吃陶渊明的饭啊。我在咖啡里有一张陶的墓照，在这里：
http://www.mayacafe.com/forum/topic1.php3?tkey=1080884567
回为力：我不是系统分类，主想是喜欢这些名字，包括拉丁和英文名
，当然还有原物喽！
世界上菊花有三万种呢，我为她们跑遍了世界各地。但还是最喜欢中
国上古的蓍草，我在歌剧《卡门》里面能看到蓍草的影，依旧不可言
说。
纽约的菊不少，一年三季，现在是百日草万寿菊一枝黄和紫菀的季节
了，噢，还有大丽。
- posted on 10/07/2005
本来以为你最喜欢兰花呢。
我见异思迁的，但还是最喜欢兰。
小时候，北京的中山公园有一年一度，春天兰展，秋天菊展。现在很难闻到那么幽香的国兰，看到那么大朵的菊花了。
回为力：我不是系统分类，主想是喜欢这些名字，包括拉丁和英文名
，当然还有原物喽！
世界上菊花有三万种呢，我为她们跑遍了世界各地。但还是最喜欢中
国上古的蓍草，我在歌剧《卡门》里面能看到蓍草的影，依旧不可言
说。
纽约的菊不少，一年三季，现在是百日草万寿菊一枝黄和紫菀的季节
了，噢，还有大丽。
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