ӢѧоĻʵǰä

³

ժҪ
ѧƼĵĶػѧ߶ԿƼвĿ־壬ǶԿѧʵĻɡȻʮĩڣһĿƼԼΪȺѧǷʮˡʮ͵ǰһֲε̬ȣڴ˿Ƽѹ£ѰһĻʵΪоѧƼϵУһҪ⡣ͼӹĽṹУѰѧоڿƼУȥԼоռ䣬ҲЩокǰޡ
ĻķչıǵдĶϰߣȻʾҲ¿ѧоһϵڴشĸıϣѧоǰޡΪֽѧоӰԷֳɼ򣺣һΪоҪԴͼݵƷıĹܵսͳѧоĻоķ롢ģԵѧо⣨Ա𡢽׼ͬreality vs. virtualityȣܵӡ壩ѧѧϡ

һǰԣ

ѧѧľϵͳԵĶԪϡʮԷ(analysis)໯(generalization)Ϊνѧ˼룬ɾ˽ĿѧҲѧ߶Կѧ˼ǡʮˡʮ͵˼ǷӳַԼ(anti-intellectualism) һָ
Ӣʮ˶£Ե˼߼Ľ룬ټϾ۵ʢУ淶Ϊ֪ʶӵ(obsessions)ʮ͵ѧƷһ淴ӦĻ˼άͼлƣһȴҲԾظܵ߼۱ԷвĴJonathan Swift μǡ(Gullivers Travels)߽ŸĹ۲죬LaputaпѧԺµĿѧʵѧ۱磬˵ѧԺУµǽ̸򻯳ΪڵۣʡжִʣΪʵеп֪ﶼʡSwiftԵ˼Ե HouyhuhnmsڴУλYahooһδ࣬º͵ʾ˼ĵһƪһССĽ页УԷַӦʣСƳɹͷԽƶ⣬ߡSwiftַ˼۵㣬Ȼˣˣѧ˼άı֤߼ҲطӦ˶˼IJΡMary Shelley ġѧˡ(Frankenstein)ʱڶƼĽ̲ģҲպѧ߶ԿƼչ벻εۼѹڸǡѧѧĶoʶ̬ǻڶԿѧ⣬ѧߵı̬ǵDr. FrankensteinѧIJƷƼijɹΪ(The Monster)ѧҵ˹ĶƼĶѲɱ⣬ҲΪѧҵ˷Ƽ۵ݡ
ѧƼĵĶػѧ߶ԿƼвĿ־壬ǶԿѧʵĻɡȻʮĩڣһĿƼԼΪȺѧǷʮˡʮ͵ǰһֲε̬ȣڴ˿Ƽѹ£ѰһĻʵΪоѧƼϵУһҪ⡣ͼӹĽṹУѰѧоڿƼУȥԼоռ䣬ҲЩокǰޡڱ֮оרʱ䣬ڴ˽ӢѧоΪޣѧƼĹҹ

ѧоƼѿڣ

ƼӢѧоԼʼ1966ϢڿComputers and the Humanities ѧоԼmainframeѧıѧоѧоķ򡵣ҳ136ڵѧоƫѧ㣬ҲʹüѧƷеķ磬ڿComputers and the HumanitiesLiterary and Linguistic Computingɴоķɾ͡(Potter 401-29)һ棬ӢѧоԼΪߣѧ㹤Ȼһ棬ѧ͸ıо̽߼ĶϵԵǿƻС˵ƻС˵оһƪѧƼĽ棺ӿƻС˵ƻõӰ̸𡵵УἰƻС˵ںԿƼԽԵĹػһֱƼĵ⡣˰ƻС˵⣺1ĽͣħܶԱ2δ֪̽̽ռǡǼѲǡ˵Ĵ˵3аļ뽨аʡ˼磩4ƼĻɣѧˡ˵񻰡5ĵĹػ̬Ƽ٪޼͹԰6ѧĿأʱǼʴսصδ7񻰩սˡˣ8ִʡ˼硣ҳ5Ӵ˴ԿĶԿƼĹϵӶδ֪̽աɣתĿƼʡ˼ǼȨʽչѧ߲ٽͬƼвۣһ̽˹ܵϵѧ(fragmentation) һѧƼĽ棬ѧߵĵ˽˿ռƵƼѧߵռ䡣һоߣʼڼѰҴĿԣ桢ý崴ݿĽԼ˼Ⱥ⣬⽫һԪӢѧоһӢѧокӰ죬ѧоǷʵı仯ۼܹǹѧо߲ɺԵ⡣

Ӣѧо緢չ

J. Hillis Millerһƪѧоʱ(Literary Study among the Ruins)DerridaĻ˵... an entire epoch of so-called literature, if not all of it, cannot survive a certain technological regime of telecommunications (in this respect the political regime is secondary). Neither can philosophy, or psychoanalysis. Or love letters . . . (58)DerridaѧıڶλĻIJΡΪĻ(digital culture)ƺݻ˴ͳӡˢı˵ĻжϵԼдֵĻ⺭ȽһдżʼͿԿDerridaĽǡ
Derridaֽʵ緢չоһĸı䣬ҲӳʮƼĶŹϵȻĻķչıǵдĶϰߣȻʾҲ¿ѧоһϵڴشĸıϣѧоǰޡΪֽѧоӰԷֳɼ򣺣һΪоҪԴͼݵƷıĹܵսͳѧоĻоķ롢ģԵѧо⣨Ա𡢽׼ͬreality vs. virtualityȣܵӡ壩ѧѧϡ½Щδķչ֡

һͼ

ֵֻͼݵĹݲؿռ⣬Ľƺͼݵȡ⡣1962Darmouth CollegeĽJohn KemenyͼݵʹòףԶƼЩ⣻1982University of ReadingͼԱJames ThompsonҲͬĸ1978꣬һToward Paperless Information SystemsУF.W. Lancasterͼݵģ͡ʮ緢չͼʷ硣ֽͼݵҪĿѧоУҪȡ÷ʽҲŸı䡣͸Զ̵ڿݿȫݿϵͳѧ߿ȡݲԶͼݲӰӡڿҲͼǷӪЧʣȡϢķƱظıѧоߵоϰߡ˷ҪӰжһǵݵȶɿԣdzıĶɷȡıĶ
һƪͼinternetĹϵУDavid S. MiallJean-Pierre Dupuy۵㣬ָϢձһheteronomous behaviours (ԾΪ)ҲȨȱĸıɳ仰̫Ϣһ iatrogenic disease(1406)ɴֽܶѧԼݵѧڱ棬޸˼⣬׶ˡ Miall ָʹֽͼݷḻkeywordsΪȫļԹо˵dzʡҲϵȷдȶʹҲѧо߲ο壬ͳƣѧоݽ36%ֻϣ󲿷ֵֽ(1408)ֽѧ߼ѧ̫缰ͼݣҵõݵо塣Դ֯ṹԲ紫ͳͼݣΪȶ벻ȷMiallҲָСĻĶ֣ҲĶռȱüѣ˲ǽĶıۡ
ϵݣһͼݵרҵ⣬ʵֵһrisk of spurious interdisciplinarity(1412)Miall˵
The availability of academic discourse at all levels on the Internet brings the risk of flattening the structures of knowledge, making them largely invisible to the Web-surfing students or incautious scholar. Induction into a discipline is a matter not only of acquiring information but of assimilating a set of theoretical frameworks, assumptions, and practices that can take several years to master. (1412)
統ѧоͼݣߣɥʧоԾϵԣصɵṩٵ֪ʶṹ

߸ı

ͼֵϢһֳıGeorge LandowѧᳫijıĶ˵߸˴ͳıṹԳıĶΪʱһֺѧ
ͳıֽӡΪеı˼벻ͬijý⣨ͼȣνij(hypterlinks)Ķ;ıĶΪĶΪͻƴͳĶȡԾǶѵĶģʽԴĶռ䡣ıѧоķ룬ıĸɢˡκýֵѶϢԳΪıҲӦRoland BarthesĽṹ壨ṹѧ߶ıĵ߸ڹ͡ı߸ȷʵḻıоĿռ䣬ҲӢѧо߽벻ͬооѧӰıࡢѧ桢ѧͼѧýĻȡƷ(work)ı(text)νdiscourseҲӢѧоת
ȻıĶǴǴĶǿĶоMiallָıоֵıоý屾ооԪòıĶųƴͬṩԪʵȴͬͼԡ(1412)Ϊ䳬ǾƣԪߵĵһָ߰ġԡĶ紫ͳֽĶɶӾԡĻĶĶȼȣ˺ѧƷѧֵ
⣬ı죬ıԣѧоııǷӦձѧֵѧۣϸս

Ļо

ѧоһijǽ⹹ѧоѧоĻоMillerӦDerridaĿΪʱѧѧоƱû䣬DerridaôۣΪĻо֮𣬽ѧоһս͸۶ѧоķʡMillerΪĻоѧоԵѧо磬ѧĻоȫ򻯼绯ijУȱϯǸ(64)ָӢѧоԽԽԵӢѧоΧУȫҰӿ㣬ŦޡޡӡȶǵӢĴıܵӣĻоķΧЩEnglish studiesȫ壬˵The future of literary study in the global university lies in a reconfigured Comparative Literature. This means a broadening to include the literature of non-European countries, features of cultural studies, forms of rhetorical study and interactions with other art forms. (64).
1997һºPMLAѧѧΪȫ̽ѧѧĻѧȡBiddy MartinڸרŵĽ¡Teaching Literature, Changing Cultures,УĹȥʮĻоѧѧƣǷвѧѧĴԡMartinµʷعУָĻоĻǡexpand our practices in new directions ҳ7Ϊѧߣ
... we must provide students with the historical and methodological knowledge necessary for reflecting on the conditions under which writing becomes literature and for using literary texts to explore how aesthetic objects relate to other discursive objects or to broader social formations. (12).
ShankerۼѧĻоĹϵʱ˵Cultural studies is a reproach to literary criticisms restricted specialization (260). ֽһָNevertheless, cultural studies has provided me with the opportunity to purse interests in film, ethnography, popular music, and advertisements, as well as literature, that would have been impossible in traditional literary criticism (261). ΪһѧʦӦ
had a strong sense of the historical and political implications of literature but debated openly with one another over the relations among historical context, political investment, and aesthetic values.
ѧ߶ָĻоʵѧоƼµһתҲΪѧоҵᷢĹ֤ܵʵѧо롰ʵԡ

ģCyberspaceо

Ļоķںѧо۵ĽʼĻоѧоĻУѧߡѧ߼ѧоߣЩѧ߸רѵȺѰԼԡѧоߣĻУ֮硢Ա𡢿򡢿׼ʵԣĻϵо͵뷽ʽΪѧıȺ塢Ա𡢽׼Ļǣȫ򻯵⡣Lisa Nakamura2002Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the InternetǺܺõһӡ
ĻоӢѧȽѧоĻоǷȡѧоShakespeareѧоǷɥʧѧогǼֵЩѧоѧʱ͹ԡ

壩ѧϣѧѧ

ѧƼϵоڵʶ̬ĶʹΪѧѧĹߣֽΪݵԴ統о⣬ٲȻѧоѧƽӴijСʱĻоУˡѧʷоۡڳ׫дļܹĻѧоۻDzòʣѧоģԵʡ˼ѧоķչ
һʼûѧоеоϣʼһѧоʵѧǷdzŵģϣʼѧʵķʵǷdzģġʮ͵ӢѧĻʷԼξãǺһ۵ġĶMatthew ArnoldɢģҲҪξѧ(political economy)뿼Jane AustenС˵ڵʱĻƲҲ൱̶ȵۡѧѧŵķָӦڶʮʹѧϵʼѧƵоռѧ򣬿ʼΪ
ʱ٣ʵѧоعŵѧоǶоһӦѧƽĹϵϳҪĽ㡣һѧоһ浼ѧ벻ͬýҲѧоλ(dislocation)ͳǽⳡѧϢƼĶԪò


ġǰä

翪ϢԣҲϢIJȶԣ統ͼݣӳͼݵıʩ벻ʵԣı볬ıģޣҲ߽ѧоıʣͳıо(textual studies)ɥʧԣı뱾ĵIJɷָҲߵѧۣνѧֵ(values)ѧƷζ(taste)أĻоչѧоҰҲͬʱսѧоԣѧоǴıѧоһԵоѧǷԵоУܵأDZԵˣռĿʱռо˼ȫ򻯡ͬ壬Ҳխоߵ˼ռ䣬ĻоѧооѧоսѧƵ۽ڽȨ(discourse authority)棬ڸѧķ໯УҲͬʱѧеԡԣԣԻ򲻿֪(agnostic)֮
֮ӵƼ磬ѧоڶʮһ͵һζݵУҲѧо߲ɿܵƼҲ籣Ĺϵ硴еNeonһ⡢ƿ⣬صʵԭʼ


Ŀ

Martin, Biddy. Introduction: Teaching Literature, Changing Cultures. PMLA 112 (1997): 7-25.
Miall, David S. The Library versus the Internet: Literary Studies under Siege? PMLA 116 (2001): 1405-1414.
Miller, J. Hillis. Literary Study among the Ruins. Diacritics 31 (2001): 57-68.
Nakamura, Lisa. Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identify on the Internet. New York: Routledge, 2002.
Potter, Rosanne G. Statistical Analysis of Literature: A Retrospective on Computers and the Humanities, 1966-1990. Computers and the Humanities 25 (1991): 401-29.
³ѧƼĽ橤ƻС˵ƻõӰ̸𡵡ƻƼ̨̳ҿѧίԱᡣлʮ(1997)ʮգ̨ʦѧhttp://www.nsc.gov.tw/scripts/
³ѧоķ򡵡оͨѶ1 (1993): 135-40.

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