ĴйʳԭӰ
http://www.pp39.com 2007-2-8 12:46:42
[ժ Ҫ]֮йʱڣмסҪʳҲлտһзѡ˶ʯ֦߲˹Ҳ̲ݡ½Ⱥ±ԭϣӽ30֡ȻǴʱȺ;һڲʱ л൱ķչڽﹹռݾصĵλ ԭ ˿ڼµ˵ìܼӾ缰гõķչеĹϵĴ뷢չ˿ڵӦǶӪܶҪԳõغأũҵЧҲ˻Ĵٽá
[ؼ]ʳԭϣũҵ
Introduction of the American-originated Crops and Its Influence
on the Chinese Food Raw Materials
[Abstract]It is widely agreed that the American-originated crops were introduced into China during the Ming and Qing dynasties, among which there are not only grain crops like maize, sweet potato and potato; oil crops like peanut and sunflower; but also vegetables and fruits like tomato, capsicum; hobby crop like tobacco; and the crop for textile use like upland cotton, exceeding 20 in total. Though they were brought into China from different routes and at different time, they were fast expanded and have occupied an important position in Chinese agricultural production. The reason for such a rapid development might be due to the dramatic increase of the population and the booming of market economy during this period. The development of the American crops not only helped meet the demand of the increasing population, it also gave a lot of help to raise the agricultural productivity by a more reasonable use of the land.
[Key words] American-originated cropsintroductionfood raw materialsagricultural production
ҹũУ50Թ⡣ǰҹũԭԭڵкӡȣǴͨ½ϡ˿֮·ġЩڴũΪ߲ˣʳԺŹҾĵƣϡ˿֮·Ѹٷչµũƹռ൱ıءЩĴ룬ҹ࣬ͬʱҹũҵʳṹı仯ҲʮҪӰ졣
˵йרָԭԭʹǾߣҲڱķΧ
һй
1492꣬ײ·ޣŷ˶ν´½ע⡣ɹֳ16ͺڣ˽ǵķɱֳأһЩũ↑ʼɱɷɱأһй봫Ϊʱҹũһص㡣
йסľϹϡտѡ˶ƻܡ֦ʯ桢ɿɡΡľϡ½ޡ̲ݵȽ30֡
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Ipomoea batatasLam.L.Ƹ֣һٱֲɽعϡ桢عϡȣԭСޣҪʳ߲ˡԪǰйżļأʱ˵øֲһ֣˵øֲ䴫ҹֵйԺҹԭ֮Ƶø˱֮Ϊö֮һʼΪƵķռ
(Pachyrrhizus erosus(L.) Urban)ƶγɿ֡һٱֲعϡϡɳһּȿɵˮ߲ܵ˵ԭޣ˴ɱܺҹ[1] йϡϵ̨ʡֲ϶ࡣ
Solannum tuberosum L.һѿݱֲҹɽҩصԭ³Ͳάǵİ˹ɽΪӡڰѱԼ1570괫1590괫Ӣ1650Ҵй
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Canna edulis Ker.˽˽֡źԭ˹ɽԪǰ2500ڸױѱ1821괫ձ1948й㽭ȵࡣ
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Capsicum frutescens L.һݱֲؽغѡԭȴ1493괫ŷޣ15931598괫ձй;һǾɹ˿֮·ࡢȵأһǾ·㶫ϵȵءйļʼڣ奡˼㡷1591ٲͺͷζɫ졣һǬ¡ʮ꣨1764ݸ־
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Phaseolus lunatus L.Ʋ˶֡ɰԭޡ16ͳŷޡ20ʮй
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ʯP. Guajava L.ҽƷʯСľľԭī³ Σȥǡϴ𡷣1178ƻƶӡԽʼǡֲʵͼƼʸ̨200ǰ֣Ҫֲ̨塢㶫Ϻϵʡ
֦Anona squamosa L.֦Ʒ֦ҶľСľͷԭȴޣĩйڡ̨帮־1614Ҫֲ̨塢㶫ͺϵʡ
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棨Persea Americana Mill.̹ԭޡ1315īϲ࣬20ͳޡй1918꿪ʼ̨֣塢ϡ㶫ϵʡ̨࣬塢Ϊࡣ
ĹMinikara zapotilla(Tacq.)ĹĹȴ̹ԭīޡ1900ɻ¼룬ֲݡŵȵأ㶫1910룬ֲտͷ齭У̨1920צ塢̨ϡ־ࡣ
ƹPouteria campechiana(HKB)ĹƵƹȴ̹ԭ³й2030룬ӡǻȴϷֳ50ڹࡣ
ΣPanax quiquefolium L.ӿ˲ݱ֣ҶΡ㶫Ρԭ1976й֡ȵȺֳɹ
̲ݣNicotiana tabacum L.ѿ̲Ҷһԭޣ1500ʹõʷ˴ŷءҹdzơԡӡڰ̲ݵ롣ҹ¼̲ݵ[]Žġȫ顷Թδţʱʼ֮䡣̲ݵıƻ˼ݡ˿̡Ҳݡ̵ȡ
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Thomas JeffersonǾ仰:
The greatest sevice in a culture
is to add a plant to its agriculture...
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