ĴйʳԭӰ

http://www.pp39.com 2007-2-8 12:46:42

[ժ Ҫ]֮й෢ʱڣмסҪʳҲлտһзѡ˶ʯ񡢷֦߲˹Ҳ̲ݡ½Ⱥ±ԭϣӽ30֡ȻǴʱȺ;һڲʱ л൱ķչڽﹹռݾصĵλ ԭ ˿ڼµ˵ìܼӾ缰гõķչеĹϵĴ뷢չ˿ڵӦǶӪܶ෽ҪԳõغأũҵЧҲ˻Ĵٽá

[ؼ]ʳԭϣũҵ

Introduction of the American-originated Crops and Its Influence

on the Chinese Food Raw Materials

[Abstract]It is widely agreed that the American-originated crops were introduced into China during the Ming and Qing dynasties, among which there are not only grain crops like maize, sweet potato and potato; oil crops like peanut and sunflower; but also vegetables and fruits like tomato, capsicum; hobby crop like tobacco; and the crop for textile use like upland cotton, exceeding 20 in total. Though they were brought into China from different routes and at different time, they were fast expanded and have occupied an important position in Chinese agricultural production. The reason for such a rapid development might be due to the dramatic increase of the population and the booming of market economy during this period. The development of the American crops not only helped meet the demand of the increasing population, it also gave a lot of help to raise the agricultural productivity by a more reasonable use of the land.

[Key words] American-originated cropsintroductionfood raw materialsagricultural production



ҹũУ50Թ⡣ǰҹũԭԭڵк޻ӡȣǴͨ½ϡ˿֮·ġЩڴũΪ߲ˣʳԺŹҾĵƣϡ˿֮·Ѹٷչµũƹռ൱ıءЩĴ룬ҹ࣬ͬʱҹũҵʳṹı仯ҲʮҪӰ졣

˵йרָԭ޵ԭʹǾ޴ߣҲڱķΧ

һй

1492꣬ײ·ޣŷ˶ν´½ע⡣޳ɹֳ16ͺڣ˽ǵķɱֳأһЩũ↑ʼɱɷɱأһй봫Ϊʱҹũһص㡣

йסľϹϡտѡ˶ƻܡ֦ʯ桢ɿɡΡľϡ½ޡ̲ݵȽ30֡

ףZea mays L.ֲ̱ԭ޵ī硢³ҹŴƷ󡢰ססӵȡҹξʮ꣨1555־С󡱵ƣȷϸļʮ꣨1560ġƽ־11һԻҶʶ̣ĩ絾ʵʵͩӴڼ䣬ĩ塢磬֣ա⣬պ⡶ʱ䡶ݸĿмء

Ipomoea batatasLam.L.Ƹ֣һٱֲɽ󡢸عϡ桢عϡȣԭСޣҪʳ߲ˡԪǰйżļأʱ˵øֲһ֣˵øֲ䴫ҹֵйԺҹԭ֮Ƶø˱֮Ϊö֮һʼΪƵķռ

(Pachyrrhizus erosus(L.) Urban)ƶγɿ֡һٱֲعϡϡɳ޸һּȿɵˮ߲ܵ˵ԭޣ˴ɱܺ޾ҹ[1] йϡϵ̨ʡֲ϶ࡣ

Solannum tuberosum L.һѿݱֲҹɽҩصԭ³Ͳάǵİ˹ɽΪӡڰѱԼ1570괫1590괫Ӣ1650Ҵй

ľManihot esculenta Crantz꪿ľ֣֮һԴȴޣ16ĩޣ18ʹޡй1920࣬ڳϣ㡢̨Ϊ

Canna edulis Ker.˽˽֡źԭ˹ɽԪǰ2500ڸױѱ1821괫ձ1948й㽭ȵࡣ

(Arachis hypogaea L.)ԭޡҹƳ仨ɡٹ޻ȣһϲʳƷҲһҪСͺʹ֣СؼԪĩġʳ֪ġ

տ(Helianthus annus L.)տտһݱաӭȣԭйֲ1621꣨ġȺסա1688꣨壩œBӡʼտ

Capsicum frutescens L.һݱֲؽغѡԭȴ1493괫ŷޣ15931598괫ձй;һǾɹ˿֮·ࡢȵأһǾ·㶫ϵȵءйļʼڣ奡˼㡷1591׻ٲͺͷζɫ졣һǬ¡ʮ꣨1764ݸ־

Ϲ(Cucurbita moschata Duch.)һݱֲ«ϹϡϡϡػعϡϵȣԭСޡԪĩѼڼġʳ֪Ϲζ£ʳ㣬ͬʳգγඹͬʳ˵ԪҹѾ֡

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«Cucurbita pepo L.«Ϲ֡Ϲϣԭϲ17ͺѼɽȷ־

ֹϣSechium edule Swartz«Ʒֹ֡߹ϡȭͷϡϡӡϡϵȣԭīޡ18ʹŷޣ󴫵ǣ1916鴫йϣֻϺϵȵࡣ

ѣLycopersicon MillѿƷݱֲƷӵȡԭް˹ɽشҹؼڣġȺסһߣҶ簬һ֦ʵʵһʮʵ

˶Phaseolus vulgaris L.Ʋ˶֣һݱֲֳļʱܿ¶÷ܶ, ʳ߲ˡϵȶ;ԭޡ16ͳŷޡй֣ʱ䡶ݸĿũǡ1760мءϱֲڴ󶹡

Phaseolus lunatus L.Ʋ˶֡޶ɰԭޡ16ͳŷޡ20ʮй

ܣAnanas comosus (L.) Merr.Ʒ̲ݱƷֲ桢桢档ԭΪӡڰѱ16ͳȴ֡ӡȣ1550ִɱӡǡй17ͳ1605˽ţ󾭹㶫븣̨塣㶫ݸ־1639̨ǫġ̨ԡ1687лļءԼ18ĩ19ͳϡ

ʯP. Guajava L.ҽƷʯСľľԭī³ Σȥǡϴ𡷣1178ƻƶӡԽʼǡֲʵͼƼʸ̨200ǰ֣Ҫֲ̨塢㶫Ϻϵʡ

֦Anona squamosa L.֦Ʒ֦ҶľСľͷԭȴޣĩйڡ̨帮־1614Ҫֲ̨塢㶫ͺϵʡ

ľϣCarica papaya L.ľϿƷľСľֳ֣ľϡϡٹԭīϲ18ͺڳΪҪһˮҹӼǡֲ͡ʵͼмءҹϷʡֲԹ㶫̨ࡣ

Anacardium occidentale L.ľֳƘٹӪḻζʳƷԭ16˴޺ޡй2030̨ͺϣ1984꺣1.1ꡣ˫Ҳֲ

ɿɣTheobroma cacao L.ͩƿɿľ֮һԭѷȴֵ1718ʹ붫ǣ1922괫ҹ̨壬1954ںʡ

棨Persea Americana Mill.̹ԭޡ1315īϲ࣬20ͳޡй1918꿪ʼ̨֣塢ϡ㶫ϵʡ̨࣬塢Ϊࡣ

ĹMinikara zapotilla(Tacq.)ĹĹȴ̹ԭīޡ1900ɻ¼룬ֲݡŵȵأ㶫1910룬ֲտͷ齭޸У̨1920צ塢̨ϡ־ࡣ

ƹPouteria campechiana(HKB)ĹƵƹȴ̹ԭ³й2030룬ӡǻȴϷֳ50ڹࡣ

ΣPanax quiquefolium L.ӿ˲ݱ֣ҶΡ㶫Ρԭ1976й֡ȵȺֳɹ

̲ݣNicotiana tabacum L.ѿ̲Ҷһԭޣ1500ʹõʷ˴ŷ޺ءҹdzơԡӡڰ̲ݵ롣ҹ¼̲ݵ[]Žġȫ顷Թδţʱʼ֮䡣̲ݵıƻ˼ݡ˿̡Ҳݡ̵ȡ

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Thomas JeffersonǾ仰:

The greatest sevice in a culture
is to add a plant to its agriculture...