今天早上在汽车上看环球剧场的今昔,下午才发现原来是莎士比亚的生日和忌日,他生和死都在今天(April 23,1564 - April 23 , 1616 )。我很admir萨姆·沃纳梅克这个老头,演了一辈子的莎士比亚,心心念念想重建剧场,临死终于如愿以偿。
这世上有莎士比亚和曹雪芹,足矣!
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环球剧场(Globe Theatre)位于英国伦敦,最初的环球剧场由威廉·莎士比亚所在宫內大臣剧团于1599年建造,1613年6月29日毁于火灾。1614年环球剧场重建,并于1642年关闭。1997年,一座现代仿造的环球剧场落成,命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”或“新环球剧场”,距离公园街(Park Street)的原址约205米远。
最初的环球剧场
宫內大臣剧团的演员,同时也是股东拥有环球剧场。其中6位股东中的两人——理查德·伯比奇和他的兄弟卡斯伯特·伯比奇拥有双份股份,即各持25%;其余四人——威廉·莎士比亚、约翰·赫明斯、奥古斯丁·菲利普斯和托马斯·波普各持有一份股份,即12.5。(起初威廉·肯普有意向成为第七位股东,但是后来他将自己的股份卖给了别人。)随着时间的流逝,这些最初的股份比例发生了变化,新的股东加入进来,在莎士比亚的职业生涯中,他的股份从1/8降到了1/14,大约为7%。
1599年,环球剧场使用早期的剧场——“剧场”(The Theatre)的木料建造,该剧场是由理查德·伯比奇的父亲詹姆斯·伯比奇于1576年在伦敦Shoreditch建造的。伯比奇一家最初和“剧场”所在地的地主签订了为期21年的租赁合同。他们拆除了“剧场”的桁条,将之运到泰晤士河对岸,改造为环球剧场。
1613年6月29日,环球剧场在表演《亨利八世》的时候,木质的屋顶被大炮点燃,剧场被焚毁。根据记载,除了一位男子的马裤被点燃外,没有其他人员伤亡。
1642年,和所有其他伦敦的剧场一样,1614年重建后的环球剧场被清教徒关闭。1644年,剧院被破坏,改成房屋。剧院的确切位置一直不为人知,直到1989年,地基的残迹在公园街的一幢名 Anchor Terrace的建筑的停车场下面被发现。也许建筑的地下有更多的残迹,但是这座18世纪的建筑已经被列入英国被保护的建筑,因此考古学家不能做进一步挖掘。
环球剧场的设计
环球剧场的实际参数没有确切数据,但是近两百年来学者考证出它大概的形状和尺寸。有证据表明这是一座三层开放式圆形剧场,直径大约为100英尺,能容纳3000名观众。在蚀刻师文策斯劳斯·霍洛的素描中,环球剧场是圆形的,后来他将它体现在1647年的雕刻作品"Long View"中。然而,1997年到98年的时候,环球剧场露出的地基暗示这是一个20边形的建筑。
在舞台下方,有一个区域称为pit或yard(庭院)。观众只要花一个便士,就可以站着看演出。那些低俗的观众在观看表演的时候吃榛实和桔子,在挖掘环球剧场的时候,泥土中发现了坚果壳。在庭院的四周是三层体育场风格的座位,比站位的价格要高。
一个长方形的开放式舞台,延伸到露天的庭院的中间,舞台大约为43英尺(13.1米)宽,27英尺(8.2米)深,比地面高出5英尺(1.52米)。在舞台上,设计了一个活板门,以便表演者从舞台下方进入舞台。
舞台的两侧的大型柱子撑起了舞台后方的屋顶,屋顶的天花板被称为天空。天空也有一个活板门,使表演者可以利用绳索或其他装置从空中降落。舞台后墙有两到三扇门,上方有一个阳台。门通向后台,演员在那里穿戴服装,等候上场。阳台是演奏者的位置,有时也可以作为一些场景的布景,比如《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的阳台。
现代环球剧场
在美国导演和演员萨姆·沃纳梅克的发起下,新的环球剧场根据历史顾问约翰·奥雷尔的研究而设计。英国潘塔格拉姆(Pentagram)设计公司的西奥·克洛斯比(Theo Crosby )担任建筑师,布罗·哈波尔德(Buro Happold)公司承担了结构设计和维护,博伊登公司(Boyden & Co )为质量监督。麦科迪公司(McCurdy & Co)负责建造。1997年新剧场落成开放,命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”。1995年,马克·赖伦斯 被任命为新环球剧场的艺术总监。2006年,多米尼克·德罗古尔接任。
泰晤士河岸边的新剧场距离原址约205米远。与旧的环球剧场相同,新剧场也是开放式舞台,周围是三层陡峭的座位区。圆形剧场有屋顶的地方为舞台和座位区,每年夏天5月到10月的第一周表演戏剧,冬天作为教学场所。全年对游客开放。
仿造的新剧场尽量做到如实还原原剧场。现代化的装置包括增加了灯光(在莎士比亚时期表演都是在白天进行),屋顶增设了洒水设备以保护建筑受火灾破坏,建筑部分连接在一个现代的大厅,游客中心以及附加的后台区域。座位总数为1380个,庭院裡另有500个站位,比莎士比亚时期减少了一半。
- Re: 环球剧场---Happy Birthday, Bill!posted on 04/24/2008
看看你的莎学如何?请给出以下莎士比亚名句的出处:
"All the world's a stage."
"… love is blind."
" … eaten me out of house and home."
"For ever and a day."
"… the world's mine oyster."
"We are such stuff as dreams are made on."
"'Tis neither here nor there."
"… it was Greek to me."
"… let's kill all the lawyers."
"Off with his head!"
- Re: 环球剧场---Happy Birthday, Bill!posted on 04/24/2008
咱前不久在伦敦还进去看了一场《威尼斯商人》,也知道这位老朽。
现在好象美国人比英国人还要珍惜英国,就说我们村附近,春夏秋三
季,萨剧表演都有许多场地。去年看过一场《仲夏夜梦》,里面的戏
中戏即是“皮剌摩斯和提斯柏”,很有名。
我现在愈来愈觉得萨士比亚是奥维德的弟子。还有罗马。
- Re: 环球剧场---Happy Birthday, Bill!posted on 04/24/2008
哈哈,我就讨厌穿的花枝招展隆重地去看演出,情愿花一个便士,站着看演出, 还一边吃榛实和桔子 :-)最好旁边还有人对我挤眉弄眼 :-)
在舞台下方,有一个区域称为pit或yard(庭院)。观众只要花一个便士,就可以站着看演出。那些低俗的观众在观看表演的时候吃榛实和桔子,在挖掘环球剧场的时候,泥土中发现了坚果壳。在庭院的四周是三层体育场风格的座位,比站位的价格要高。
- Re: 环球剧场---Happy Birthday, Bill!posted on 04/24/2008
他在吃酸梅啃辣椒?^_*
July wrote:
÷还一边吃榛实和桔子 :-)最好旁边还有人对我挤眉弄眼 :-)
- posted on 04/24/2008
love is blind (We are merely cheated of our lives by drunkards, and proofs as clear as founts in july :)
---- King Henry V: V, ii ----
BURGUNDY: Pardon the frankness of my mirth, if I answer you
for that. If you would conjure in her, you must
make a circle; if conjure up love in her in his true
likeness, he must appear naked and blind. Can you
blame her then, being a maid yet rosed over with the
virgin crimson of modesty, if she deny the
appearance of a naked blind boy in her naked seeing
self? It were, my lord, a hard condition for a maid
to consign to.
KING HENRY V: Yet they do wink and yield, as love is blind and enforces.
BURGUNDY: They are then excused, my lord, when they see not
what they do.
---- Merchant of Venice: II, vi ----
LORENZO: Heaven and thy thoughts are witness that thou art.
JESSICA: Here, catch this casket; it is worth the pains.
I am glad 'tis night, you do not look on me,
For I am much ashamed of my exchange:
But love is blind and lovers cannot see
The pretty follies that themselves commit;
For if they could, Cupid himself would blush
To see me thus transformed to a boy.
---- The Two Gentlemen of Verona: II, i ----
SPEED: If you love her, you cannot see her.
VALENTINE: Why?
SPEED: Because Love is blind. O, that you had mine eyes;
or your own eyes had the lights they were wont to
have when you chid at Sir Proteus for going
ungartered!
VALENTINE: What should I see then?
---- "he hath eaten me out of house and home"; King Henry IV, part II: II, i ----
MISTRESS QUICKLY: O most worshipful lord, an't please your grace, I am
a poor widow of Eastcheap, and he is arrested at my suit.
Lord Chief-Justice: For what sum?
MISTRESS QUICKLY: It is more than for some, my lord; it is for all,
all I have. He hath eaten me out of house and home;
he hath put all my substance into that fat belly of
his: but I will have some of it out again, or I
will ride thee o' nights like the mare.
---- "for ever and a day". As You Like It: IV, i ----
ROSALIND: Now tell me how long you would have her after you
have possessed her.
ORLANDO: For ever and a day.
ROSALIND: Say 'a day,' without the 'ever.' No, no, Orlando;
men are April when they woo, December when they wed:
maids are May when they are maids, but the sky
changes when they are wives. I will be more jealous
of thee than a Barbary cock-pigeon over his hen,
more clamorous than a parrot against rain, more
new-fangled than an ape, more giddy in my desires
than a monkey: I will weep for nothing, like Diana
in the fountain, and I will do that when you are
disposed to be merry; I will laugh like a hyen, and
that when thou art inclined to sleep.
---- "then the world's mine oyster". Merry Wives of Windsor: II, ii ----
FALSTAFF: I will not lend thee a penny.
PISTOL: Why, then the world's mine oyster.
Which I with sword will open.
---- "We are such stuff as dreams are made on" The Tempest: IV, i ----
MIRANDA: Never till this day
Saw I him touch'd with anger so distemper'd.
PROSPERO: You do look, my son, in a moved sort,
As if you were dismay'd: be cheerful, sir.
Our revels now are ended. These our actors,
As I foretold you, were all spirits and
Are melted into air, into thin air:
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp'd towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Ye all which it inherit, shall dissolve
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff
As dreams are made on, and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep. Sir, I am vex'd;
Bear with my weakness; my, brain is troubled:
Be not disturb'd with my infirmity:
If you be pleased, retire into my cell
And there repose: a turn or two I'll walk,
To still my beating mind.
---- "'tis neither here nor there". Othello: IV, iii ----
EMILIA: It's the wind.
DESDEMONA: [Singing] I call'd my love false love; but what
said he then?
Sing willow, willow, willow:
If I court moe women, you'll couch with moe men!
So, get thee gone; good night Ate eyes do itch;
Doth that bode weeping?
EMILIA: 'Tis neither here nor there.
DESDEMONA: I have heard it said so. O, these men, these men!
Dost thou in conscience think,--tell me, Emilia,--
That there be women do abuse their husbands
In such gross kind?
EMILIA: There be some such, no question.
----
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