自然笔记:辣椒
香料岛,黄金国
亚马逊的传奇
示巴女王捎给所罗门
大队骆驼的礼品
珠宝、香料、黄金
马可*波罗游记
地球应该是一个鸭梨形
穿越大洋,肯定有
天堂与财富捷径
哥伦布船队往西
发现新世界,西印度?
却了无丁香、肉桂
一回回作假弄虚
达*伽马朝南航行
绕过非洲南端
跨一大片温暖的海域
东印度,香料口岸
天堂迷人的芳香
炮轰敌商,垄断
贸易,葡萄牙与西班牙
哥伦布引ají,火辣
香料世界内无敌!
07/05/09
===
在厄瓜多尔旅行,每回用餐都看到桌上的辣酱,叫ají……想起了前不
久读的“香料”一书,里面哥伦布至死相信他发现的是东方,古巴就
是日本,可惜没发现丁香肉桂之类值钱的东西,一次次弄虚,最后身
陷囹圄,郁郁而终。
然而,哥伦布是引入辣椒的,只是太辣,一时还不为人欣赏。至少在
上层宫廷,这个属于前卫:
In his log ofr Jan 15,1492, he writes of Hispaniola that " there
is also plenty of ají, which is their pepper, which is more valuable
than [black] pepper, and all the people eat nothing else, it
being very wholesome. Fifty caravels might be annually loaded
with it [from Hispaniola]."
Peter Martyr, the Italian humanist at the Spanish court, noted
that five grains of the new plant brought back by Columbus were
hotter and more flavorful than twenty grains of Malabar pepper.
Not even such a dreamer as Columbus could have foreseen the
future success of his ají: It was, of course, the chili, and it was
growing wild all over Spain's new possessions. Within decades
the plant had spread so rapidly around the world that Europeans
traveling in Asia expressed confusion as to its origin.
- posted on 07/13/2009
以前有一线讨论辣椒的,给翻出来了:http://www.mayacafe.com/forum/topic1sp.php3?tkey=1182451858
正在读Spice,你倒没提麦哲伦。也ZT一段,麦哲伦的首次环球航行一船丁香就balanced the book,想到后来北京的四合院里常例要种丁香,紫的白的,很普通的东西,觉着实在是amazing:
Though the Victoria, at only eightyfive tons, was the second-smallest vessel of the expedition, its leaking hold yielded 381 bags of cloves, the legacy of the frantic buying that followed the crew’s arrival at Tidore. The net weight was calculated at 520 quintals, 1 arroba, and 11 pounds: 60,060 pounds, or 27,300 kilograms. There were also samples of other spices: cinnamon, mace, and nutmeg, plus, oddly, one feather (of a bird of paradise?).
In the debit column alongside is a listing of expenses: weapons, victuals, hammers, lanterns, drums “para diversion,” pitch and tar, gloves, one piece of Valencian cochineal, twenty pounds of saffron, lead, crystal, mirrors, six metal astrolabes, combs, colored velvets, darts, compasses, various trinkets, and sundry other expenses. Taking into account the loss of four of the five ships, the advances paid to the crews, back pay for the survivors, and pensions and rewards for the pilot, it emerges that once the Victoria’s 381 bags of cloves had been brought to market the expedition registered a modest net profit. For the investors it was a disappointment, paltry in comparison with the astronomical returns then being enjoyed by the Portuguese in the East; but it was a profit nonetheless. The conclusion must rate as one of accountancy’s more dramatic moments: a small holdful of cloves funded the first circumnavigation of the globe.
- posted on 07/13/2009
麦哲伦就老大落后了,太成熟的东西,就不诗。
浮生 wrote:
以前有一线讨论辣椒的,给翻出来了:http://www.mayacafe.com/forum/topic1sp.php3?tkey=1182451858 正在读Spice,你倒没提麦哲伦。也ZT一段,麦哲伦的首次环球航行一船丁香就balanced the book,想到后来北京的四合院里常例要种丁香,紫的白的,很普通的东西,觉着实在是amazing:
浮生好学,名至言归。我说此丁香非彼丁香,你的木樨科,我的(也
是哥伦布想找的麦哲伦船载以归的)属于桃金娘科:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%A6%99
上回鹿希问的一种南非植物,也与之同属(蒲桃属)。
那书上说汉宫廷的“丁子”“香”,怕也会搞错了。但前面我转引的
一节,已在伊甸更正。就是一四九二年一月十五日,应是一四九三。
In his log ofr Jan 15,1492, he writes of Hispaniola that(书中笔误。)
看到书中提到肉桂(Cinnamom),还提到中国的桂皮(Cassia)。说欧
商弄不清真伪,船载的多的中国的桂皮:
The tree that bears the spice, Cinnamonum zeylanicum, is
a small, unassuming evergreen, resembling a bay or laurel,
native to the wet zone of Sri Lanka, in the island's west and
southwest. The spice is formed from the inner bark, which
is stripped from the tree with knives, cut into segments, and
left in the sun to dry, curling into delicate, papery quills.
Cinnamon's best-known relative is cassia, the bark of
Cinnamomum cassia, originally a native of China but in historical
times widespread throughout Southest Asia. This and several
other members of the family were long considered the poor
relations -- cassia has a coarser, ruddy bark, with a more
pungent aroma. (It is also easier and cheaper to produce;
much of the "cinnamon" sold in the modern West is in fact
cassia.) It is disconcerting though hardly surprising to find the
medieval consumer more attuned to the difference.
我亚马逊书中也提到讨灭印加国的皮萨罗,传闻基多东部的大山后面
是肉桂,广阔的平原上长满了肉桂树。肉桂是个奇的字眼,哥伦布不
是寻找肉桂之路吗?一五四一年二月廿一日,从安弟斯高原主峰行进
的队伍,打头阵的是350名身穿甲胄的西班牙次等贵族(其中两百
年骑兵)。接着2000支训练来攻击原住民的恶犬,及4000名
强征来的原住民脚夫。后面有2000只背负货物的骆马,殿后的是
2000头猪。翻过积雪的巨大屏障,寻找肉桂树! - Re: 自然笔记:辣椒posted on 07/13/2009
弄了半天,桂皮和肉桂不是一回事啊? 那炖红烧肉用的,一小段小段的硬树皮是肉桂还是桂皮?土耳其人象撒盐撒糖一样,逮着什么都撒的粉末不是桂皮吗? - posted on 07/14/2009
这“桂”字够讲究的,一到香料,人就弄糊涂了。商人都不行,更不
用说殖民者了。但幸好有一样植物学家,有植物学拉丁。
中文本来就不严格,有人混同,有人区分。我是尝试一区分。我们小
时候叫桂皮,肉桂就见外了,还有月桂(根本不同的两类),当然更
性感一些。我是凭直觉胡说哟。
再说几个桂吧--桂花,月桂,桂元,土丁桂,都还不是肉桂。
鹿希 wrote:
弄了半天,桂皮和肉桂不是一回事啊? 那炖红烧肉用的,一小段小段的硬树皮是肉桂还是桂皮?土耳其人象撒盐撒糖一样,逮着什么都撒的粉末不是桂皮吗?
都是肉皮,同科同属不同种,内中有异味。 - Re: 自然笔记:辣椒posted on 07/14/2009
怎么成肉皮了?月桂和肉桂这名字我原来还真是总混。
那个“丁子香”我还真没想,只觉大家都用nail这个意思有趣。要是早先只有印尼有,那中国的是什么呢?我说的那些丁香花都不是香料喽? - posted on 07/14/2009
内皮吧,怎么敲成了肉皮,肉皮就肉皮吧,肉皮冻。
浮生 wrote:
怎么成肉皮了?月桂和肉桂这名字我原来还真是总混。
那个“丁子香”我还真没想,只觉大家都用nail这个意思有趣。要是早先只有印尼有,那中国的是什么呢?我说的那些丁香花都不是香料喽?
这我也在想,丁香香料象丁子,有点酸,有点甜,有点辣。而丁香花也熏香,象桂花
(同科的哟),宫廷必然会爱的。中国古有桂花饼,桂花糖。
丁香的花象丁子形,这香,怎么就译成Spice呢?
Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), Lilac (Syringa sp.)
书上写得够明白的。除了汉宫的“丁子”;“香”,还是“香料”? - Re: 自然笔记:辣椒posted on 07/14/2009
xw wrote:
丁香的花象丁子形,这香,怎么就译成Spice呢?
不是和species,special同源么?至于spice给我们的味觉嗅觉联想可能是后来的。
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