再谈一谈西班牙人
咖啡里自立谈西班牙,玛雅谈西班牙,前不久浮生去了西班牙。看来咖啡跟西班牙
有不解之缘。最近我也在学西班牙语,还请了老师,准备圣诞节再去西班牙。谈到
西班牙人,我们平时接触的多是南美西班牙,大多混血得可以,与阿拉伯人、黑人,
与原住民。我一直以为西班牙殖民的失败在于混,英国的成功在于不混。别的人道
主义都是胡扯……英国人很讲生育,也讲生存空间。英国人生存的环境,总让我想
到蒙古人的一片片大草原(中藏杀机不可测:)。难怪到处都是坎特伯雷!德国人挑
战生存空间,是跟英国人比,西班牙人自然马虎一些。这点有些东方,怕是受阿拉
伯影响,波斯、印度、中国。犹太人是一个异数,特讲生育,生存又特别暴发与血
腥,也难怪是神的选民。
平时与中国人聊天,多怪南美西裔偷渡与大量繁殖,大量繁殖确实给人印象不佳,关
健是生存状态。如果是大片山原,谁也看不见谁就不是一回事了。而在城里的贫民
窟,城郊,就让人看着说闲。其实,美国大片土地原系西班牙籍,比如加州,德克
萨斯,新墨西哥,佛罗里达都是吧?这怪来怪去,也是怪不清楚的。
我想说一说的更是西班牙本土的西班牙人,几百年前早已混成。或者说,殖民时代
初的西班牙人,那时的皇帝,天主教,还讲点人慈心。
上回赤道线中提到奥雷亚纳漂流发现亚马逊河。这天大的事情,却担有判国罪的危
险,毕竟是从小皮萨皮那里脱队。1543年6月7日,奥雷亚纳应讯上法庭,为自己对
皮萨罗的行为辩护,赛维亚当局不认为他有判国之嫌,反而任命他为亚马逊河地区
的总督。他一行前随身携带的王子诏令--发现新安达卢西亚殖民协议:
王子(诏曰):
In view of the fact that you, Francisco de Orellana, owing to the desire
which you have to server His Majesty and to [see to it] that the Royal Crown
of these realms is enhanced and that the peoples that are along the said
river and in the lands come into [possession] of a knowledge of our holy
Catholic faith, have requested to return to the said land to finish exploring
it and to colonize it......And [whereas] you have begged me to do you the
favor of [conferring upon you] the title and power of governor over whatever
[territory] you may explore on one of the banks of the said river, whichever
one you may designate, I have ordered to be drawn up in your favor the following
contract and articles of agreement:
First, that you be bound...to take over from these realms of Catile on the
expedition of exploration and for the colonizing of the said land, which
we have ordered to be called and named New Andalusia, three hundred men
of Spanish nationality, one hundred as cavalrymen and two hundred as infantrymen,
which seems to be a sufficiently large number and force for colonizing
progressively and defending yourself and your men....
Furthermore, that you be under obligation to take along as many as eight
clerics, any that may be given to you and may be dsdignated by those who
are menbers of our Council of the Indies, in order that they may take charge
of the education and conversion of the natives of the said land;...
You likewise bind yourself to go in, for the purpose of carrying out the
said exploration and colonizing, through the mouth of the river through
which you came out, and to takeover from these realms two caravels or ships
which you are to send up the river, the one in advance of the other, just
as soon as you shall go in through the said mouth and shall anchor in order
to repair you outfit, and on board these [two ships there shall be] a few
peacefully inclined persons and some clerics with the mission to take the
necessary steps for persuading the natives that may be found to exist in
the said land to adopt an attitude of peace....
In thje belief that it is essential to the service of God our Lord, and
by way of adding prestige to your person, we agree to give you the title
of Governor and Captain-General over whatever you may explore on the said
bankd of the said river, ...whth a salary of five thousand ducats per year...
.
I furthermore do you the favor of one-twelfth of all the revenues and earned
profits which His Majesty is to collect each year in the lands and provinces
which you shall so explore and colonize in accordance with this agreement;
which said favor I grant to you, for you and your heirs for all time.
Item, you shall take care to select, for the purpose of establishing the
settlements which you are to establish, sites and regions where there shall
be no infringement upon the rights and desires of the Indians of the said
land; and in case they cannot be established, let it be taken with the consent
of the said Indians, or with such circumspection as the inspector who is
to go along with you to see how that which is stipulated is carried out,
as well as the said clerics, shall think advisable. (下面的用中文吧……
)
此外,无论您或你的随从,都不能强占任何已婚或未婚的印弟安女为妻,亦不得在
买卖或交换行为之外,掠夺印弟安人的金、银、棉花、羽毛、宝石,以及一切属于
他们的东西。所有买卖和交交,均应在督察和传教士的同意后方得进行。所有违规
者一切财产没收,处以死刑。
不过,若您和随从断粮了,可以向印弟安人购买或以物易物。如果因缺钱而无法购
买,您可以用好言好语去商借一些食品。总之,永远不能用武力去抢夺。除非一切
措施都已试过,由督察和传教士提出的方法也无效,而且已处于绝境时,才可以就
地取得食物。
再者,不要用任何方式或藉口与印弟安人作战;不要藉故挑起战争。为了自卫或为
避免扩大事态时,战争才算合理。我们命令您,务必让他们明白,你们不是去打仗
的,而仅仅是为了向他们传播我们神圣的信仰。他们理当听从我们,以便能在我们
的带领之下,认识上帝。
如果印弟安人表现得过分骄傲,不回应你们所采的和平姿态,不听从告诫,竟敢挑
起战争;同时,你们已确定没有别的方法自卫或避开冲突,那么就稍微地,克制地
打一仗,要尽量避免死伤和财产损失。
您和部下应该收拾起一切得到的衣服和首饰,悉数还给印弟安人,以此证明,你们
真的不希望他们受到损害:也让他们明白,这一切损失,都是由于他们不愿意相信
你们所造成的。同时向他们解释,你们还他们东西,因为你们不是要杀害或虐待他
们,也不是要抢掠他们财产;而是要表示友好,并替上帝和国王行道。
任何西班牙人,不论杀死或杀伤印弟安人,都要按我们王国的刑律严加治罪。决不
计较犯罪者是西班牙人,而死伤者是印弟安人。
正如你们在前述法律中所见,国王陛下出于仁慈,希望所有印弟安人都能蒙我们保
护,让他们得到神圣的天主教信仰的赦免与教育。
以是,您务必保证:你麾下任何一个西班牙人,都不行支配印弟安人,不得虐待他
们,不得阻止他们成为基督徒,不得以前文所述的任何不当手段,而取得任何属于
印弟安人的东西。
Letters patent granted to Francisco de Orllana for his second expedition,
1544
以前读康德,老康德在“实用人类学”中对西班牙人的陈述很原汁原味。我再摘入一
下,以期讨论:
由欧洲和阿拉伯(摩尔人)血统混合而来的西班牙人,在公共和私人作风中都表现
出对自己尊严的意识。西班牙人的庄重风度,以至于在他们的交谈中也存在的语言
的浮夸,都显示出一种高贵的民族傲气。所以法国人的亲密放肆他们是完全反感的。
他们温驯地服从法律,尤其诚心诚意地服从他们古老的宗教律令。这种庄重也并不
妨碍他们在轻松愉快的日子里尽情娱乐(例如用唱歌跳舞来开始收获的季节)。当
夏夜里弗拉门戈舞愉快地跳起来时,有不少在这时候享有侠暇的劳动者们,就在大
街上伴着这种音乐翩翩起舞。--这是他们好的一面。
坏的一面是:他们不向外国人学习,不去为了认识别的民族而旅行;在科学上也许
还停留于数百年之前;对一切改革表示沉默,以不需要工作为荣(这个有点整个阿
拉伯、印度世界的情形--xw一注),喜欢如同半牛那样的浪漫主义精神情调,象
过去的Auto da Fe(宗教法庭的火刑)所证明的那样残酷,而且在其趣味中表现出
部分非欧洲的血统。
看来正如我直觉,西班牙人,无论旧大陆还是新世界,都是很混的。而人类发展,关
健就是一个混字,血液老化了,就得有新鲜血液填充。这里西班牙人的混,有无奈,
被殖民,有殖民,同情心还是性欲,有天主教残留的慈悲。还有什么呢?
看着幼小的混血童婴,怎好活活地勒死?而理性的生命,绝没人情的生命,都是要种
族灭绝的。
我记得在巴拿马城总统府参观,就看到一幅Conquistador强暴印弟安妇女的大幅油画,
那预示着巴拿巴这个国家的诞生。象爱尔兰,源于Easter Rising。
- Re: 再谈一谈西班牙人posted on 12/08/2009
主义都是胡扯……西班牙殖民的失败在于混,英国的成功在于不混。别的人道
健就是一个混字,血液老化了,就得有新鲜血液填充。无论旧大陆还是新世界,都是很混的。而人类发展,关
这两段前后矛盾,请明晰。 - posted on 12/08/2009
不矛盾,是'西班牙人',无论旧大陆,还是新世界,都混。
看来正如我直觉,西班牙人,无论旧大陆还是新世界,都是很混的。
不混能保持一时的优势,也是自私心啦。
当然还有一个理由,是贵族式的,说一混,优良品性就混没了,这个混马混狗都是。
但是,象古埃及那样兄妹结婚,也只是保皇家血缘,绝对不保优良品性
。而欧洲皇室间通婚,通出一大堆的病,什么血友病,白化病,也未必行。
适量、度量,强势与无奈,世间有大趋势,亦适可而止。
maya wrote:
主义都是胡扯……西班牙殖民的失败在于混,英国的成功在于不混。别的人道
健就是一个混字,血液老化了,就得有新鲜血液填充。无论旧大陆还是新世界,都是很混的。而人类发展,关
这两段前后矛盾,请明晰。
Please paste HTML code and press Enter.
(c) 2010 Maya Chilam Foundation