• 太喜欢这个智慧老头子了。

  • "All paid jobs absorb and degrade the mind."
    Aristotle

  • "For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them."
    Aristotle

  • "Hope is a waking dream."
    Aristotle

  • "Humor is the only test of gravity, and gravity of humor; for a subject which will not bear raillery is suspicious, and a jest which will not bear serious examination is false wit."
    Aristotle

  • "I count him braver who overcomes his desires than him who overcomes his enemies."
    Aristotle

  • "I have gained this by philosophy: that I do without being commanded what others do only from fear of the law."
    Aristotle

  • "In the arena of human life the honors and rewards fall to those who show their good qualities. 
    What is a friend? One soul inhabiting two bodies."
    Aristotle
  • "It is possible to fail in many ways...while to succeed is possible only in one way."
    Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics

  • "Men acquire a particular quality by constantly acting a particular way... you become just by performing just actions, temperate by performing temperate actions, brave by performing brave actions."
    Aristotle

  • "Poetry is something more philosophic and of graver import than history: for poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular."
  • Aristotle, Poetics

  • "The gods too are fond of a joke."
    Aristotle

  • "To be conscious that we are perceiving or thinking is to be conscious of our own existence."
    Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
  • "To perceive is to suffer."
  • Aristotle

  • "Young people are in a condition like permanent intoxication, because youth is sweet and they are growing."
    Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
  • "Time crumbles things; everything grows old under the power of Time and is forgotten through the lapse of Time."
    Aristotle Physics
  • "It is the nature of desire not to be satisfied, and most men live only for the gratification of it."
    Aristotle
  • "Evil draws men together."
    Aristotle
  • "It is simplicity that makes the uneducated more effective than the educated when addressing popular audiences."
    Aristotle Rhetoric
  • "Those that know, do. Those that understand, teach."
    Aristotle
  • "No great genius has ever existed without some touch of madness."
    Aristotle
  • "Wit is educated insolence."
    Aristotle
  • "Mothers are fonder than fathers of their children because they are more certain they are their own."
    Aristotle
  • "Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet."
    Aristotle
  • "It is well to be up before daybreak, for such habits contribute to health, wealth, and wisdom."
    Aristotle
  • "There was never a genius without a tincture of madness."
    Aristotle
  • "The aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance."
    Aristotle
  • "Youth is easily deceived because it is quick to hope."
    Aristotle
...........

ZT

如果亚里士多德生活在今天，那么他一定是个杀人高手——当然，此杀人不是指犯罪，而是“天黑请闭眼”的杀人游戏。 
　　 
　　不相信的话，翻开他的《修辞学》就知道了。在这本书中，他详细解说了如何在公共演讲中说服听众。当时的古希腊主要有三种演讲：政治演讲、法庭演讲和礼仪演讲。在这些演讲中用到的原则和技巧同样适用于杀人游戏。 
　　 
　　如果亚里士多德坐在我们中间，和我们一起玩杀人游戏，并且抽到了写有“K”的扑克牌，那么他将从以下几个方面展现他的超凡能力： 
　　 
　　其一是被他称为“Ethos”的信誉证明。天亮之后，一个无辜平民被杀，这时，混迹于平民中的杀手亚里士多德将在发言中诱使我们相信：他是一个有道德的好人。为了证明自己的信誉，他将从三方面说明自己：明智，即他对游戏状况具有清醒的判断和把握能力；品德，即他道德水准高，值得信赖；善意，即他对其他人的态度是友善的。 
　　 
　　其二是“Pathos”，指通过调动听众的感情来达到说服目的。杀手亚里士多德在平民接连遇害、形势危急的情况下，仍能通过极具感染力的发言，表现出对杀手（虽然这就是他自己）的极度愤怒，对遇害平民的极度怜悯，以及对当下局势的极度关切。他完全调动了其他仍然存活的平民的感情，让他们相信自己不是杀手。 
　　 
　　其三是“Logos”，逻各斯，逻辑证明。在游戏进行到最后阶段时，仅存的平民已经被混乱的局势搅乱了头脑，而此时的亚里士多德仍能保持高度的理性，他通过“归纳法”和“演绎法”，推导出“亚里士多德不是杀手”这一看似正确实则错误的命题，迷惑平民的选择。 
　　 
　　最终，在Ethos、Pathos、Logos三管齐下的作用下，平民错误地将选票投给了另一个平民，杀手亚里士多德获得了完胜。 
　　 
　　——以上这些，是我在晚上的“说服学”课上胡思乱想的结果。这门课在文史楼的“研讨型教室”上，这种教室是圆桌会议式的，老师和学生围坐成一圈。第一次上课的时候我就想：这教室好适合玩杀人啊！后来，随着老师讲到古往今来的各种说服方术，讲到亚里士多德的《修辞学》，我的想法就变成了：这门课完全可以用大家集体玩杀人来进行实践甚至考核啊！玩杀人游戏既是践行“民主与法制”，更是一种说服的艺术啊~