˽Ļ͡
ʮһ
ϲƻõӰС˵˶֪Ǹȥδġʱ֮£˵˴ҪЩˡҪ˵ֻһִܻЯĻָ кܶҪеðˡһڵˣԼԸţжôɻˣ
ѧ.˹(R.Dawkins)顶˽Ļ(The Selfish Gene. ţѧ1976)ĸ˵һ壬һˣЯŴ壬һжִŴָ ˽"ģĿǽԼΪܶĿ仰˵ŮʱڰԼĻȥɢʵΪŴʵĻôһƺʹõͼĹϵĹϵ, ô˵ǵ˼ĵǵ
ѧ˹ǸȽܹѧˡʵΪʲôѧڽΪʱģʱ˵ѵϴӳʱ䳤ȱֱ۴ӼָijȣôʽϸĿҸƵĺǺ壭עļһֱҪ첲ĵطеϸϸʱ˶ϸҪָжβųָ֣ϡмصʷҲָĩ˵һҳˡҪȫ˽Լʱ硣ġ˽Ļ͡ĸӦ˽˵˽˽ΪŴѧݡ
ʲôÿ˴ӸĸһϢ룬¼ڼΪǺDNAŴϳ˺Ѫÿһϸǵʱִ̲ЩָӺԼشʹϸڵϸ֮ΪڽźŲǴԣִ˼άָжǴԼشʹѰԣһЩԴ弤شٳԼĺӵβƵŦ
һΪΪһռĿ꣺ѻݸԼĺçӢۣǡʶԭ" һŭΪաʵҲĶأһͷţźȿͷáÿʱҲ͵һ͵ŻӵСϰһΪ˸ظԼĻЯԼĻĺõشȻÿ˵ĻͬȵĴᡣţѧһо̫ƽﺣŷǵȺнһɵЯһͬĻԴɹŵڶ̶һǧ䣬һǧ߰dzɼ˼ϡ֮£йĿ˿ڣӵĺᣬǧķܲŴﵽʮˡɼ˼ĻɢٶԺܶIJȺʧȥݻΪ۵ģŴ˽ԡ
ͬʱֳֳԵΪ֮䡣һֻĸΣٽʱװˣذѵ˴ӳŮȺϮһͷˮţʱͬˮţȺϣȺͬ顣һ˵иһ֧һ۶ϵ̵ľŸҪ֧֡ŴѧĽǶȿڽϵϵֵҪԡŷĹǰԭԼŮ֮⣬ŷ֮ͨ飬Աǿϵ֤ԼݵĽɽɫйҲǺͶڶŮܸʱҪŵԡ
ŴѧϽֵúͽЯĻȫͬijԱĻҲͬҲ˵κһͥŮĴζŸüͥĸϵĻõ൱̶ȵıȫľŸκһĻҲʹȥˡǣĶֽ֧֮ÿӵĴӶĻݵĻᡣŴѧһ (Haldane)ǵһˡ˵Ϊֵܻ˸ֵܣ۵Ĵݣҿȥ߰ĻŴɽ inclusive fitnessΪӦӦڡɼ˼"dz֮Ӧɶǵϵĺ͡
ӦɣڷֳʱŬǿһϵ磬һֶԡ顱ʵδƽʱ۷ֿס伾ڣ֯Ů"ÿ궼ȥɵѰͬһֻţ"𡣵ȻҲ̫ѣΪǡţ"ҲҡֻȻÿֻһӣĺǶֵáʱҲԼŮȥԼֻϵһ֡һޡƵʳһȺͬһɽĴ֮伸ûѪԵϵŮǵԳʱƾӵɽԱֳǵŮȴн߳ͬһףҲȺġɽŮԡɽĻӣȻǿ˺ϵƵڶdzձ顣
ӦҲһ̶֧ڳԽϵεΪӰ̡һӰƬôһǧֻһģϼʮµĺ磬ŷڽűϵĵڳµʱżʣƶλã컻ڲ㣬ڲĻΪҵһ硣ǵ͵ĺֳΪʵ˵˽ΪܿҲܵŴӰ죬Ϊʮ˸µѾ˽ΪʵԱ֣㡰СġذСڵʱڸˣϹѶĵصݻ㡣ͬһʵеҲΪֻDzԡ
˽ġ˽ԲŴڸƹмʵңһȺеÿ嶼ǿؾֳᣬЯԼĻĺͬʱΪһͬĻͨһȺϣȺ彫ݡӦɣΪܶԼĻ뷱ֳӶȵͬĿʱܻijЩķֳΪۡ˿ڻ档ˣϣĻġ
- Re: 八十一子:“自私”的基因和“生存机器”posted on 03/05/2006
Selfishnessself-regardingִǰνۣ
amoralġйĻУ˵˽ĻӵĻ»вͬ
ĺ塣
⣬˵ijΪлΪȫɻ֧Ҳͬ
˺ܶิصΪ
ӼijЩ֤ݣʧ֮ԭʼ˵ʵеóΪ
֤ݣʵһʶǾԵġ
- Re: 八十一子:“自私”的基因和“生存机器”posted on 03/05/2006
ƪ""ûйϷ, ƪֳ. ôдô? οĿʸ.
ԭӡ㲻ͬ۵, ƪѧҶǾ۵ͽ? free will illusion. :-( - posted on 03/05/2006
ʮһ wrote:
˽Ļ̫ױͽܡçӢۣǡʶԭ" һŭΪաʵҲĶأһͷţźȿͷáÿʱҲ͵һ͵ŻӵСϰһΪ˸ظԼĻЯԼĻĺõش
ɼ˼;Ʋһǧ()
The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols, T. Zerjal et al., 2003
Abstract - We have identified a Y-chromosomal lineage with several unusual features. It was found in 16 populations throughout a large region of Asia, stretching from the Pacific to the Caspian Sea, and was present at high frequency: ∼8% of the men in this region carry it, and it thus makes up ∼0.5% of the world total. The pattern of variation within the lineage suggested that it originated in Mongolia ∼1,000 years ago. Such a rapid spread cannot have occurred by chance; it must have been a result of selection. The lineage is carried by likely male-line descendants of Genghis Khan, and we therefore propose that it has spread by a novel form of social selection resulting from their behavior.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0214_030214_genghis.html
ǵmemeָ˼룬Ҳ(gene)һҸƺʹɡҡܴ - posted on 03/05/2006
˽롰ͬ wrote:˽Ļȷȷд̽֡
Selfishnessself-regardingִǰνۣ
amoralġйĻУ˵˽ĻӵĻ»вͬ
ĺ塣
⣬˵ijΪлΪȫɻ֧Ҳͬ
˺ܶิصΪ
ӼijЩ֤ݣʧ֮ԭʼ˵ʵеóΪ
֤ݣʵһʶǾԵġ
- Re: 八十一子:“自私”的基因和“生存机器”posted on 03/05/2006
Ruozhi wrote:
ƪ""ûйϷ, ƪֳ. ôдô? οĿʸ.
ԭӡ㲻ͬ۵, ƪѧҶǾ۵ͽ? free will illusion. :-(
:-)
Ϊ̫ӡDawkinsҲһ֮ԡ˽Ķ˽ΪǺ˼ - posted on 03/05/2006
wrote:
ʮһ wrote:ɼ˼;Ʋһǧ()
˽Ļ̫ױͽܡçӢۣǡʶԭ" һŭΪաʵҲĶأһͷţźȿͷáÿʱҲ͵һ͵ŻӵСϰһΪ˸ظԼĻЯԼĻĺõش
The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols, T. Zerjal et al., 2003
Abstract - We have identified a Y-chromosomal lineage with several unusual features. It was found in 16 populations throughout a large region of Asia, stretching from the Pacific to the Caspian Sea, and was present at high frequency: ∼8% of the men in this region carry it, and it thus makes up ∼0.5% of the world total. The pattern of variation within the lineage suggested that it originated in Mongolia ∼1,000 years ago. Such a rapid spread cannot have occurred by chance; it must have been a result of selection. The lineage is carried by likely male-line descendants of Genghis Khan, and we therefore propose that it has spread by a novel form of social selection resulting from their behavior.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0214_030214_genghis.html ǵmemeָ˼룬Ҳ(gene)һҸƺʹɡҡܴ
˵ǡһ¡Ҳעɼ˼о Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Mar;72(3):717-21.
The genetic legacy of the Mongols.
Zerjal T, Xue Y, Bertorelle G, Wells RS, Bao W, Zhu S, Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Fu S, Li P, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Xu J, Shu Q, Du R, Yang H, Hurles ME, Robinson E, Gerelsaikhan T, Dashnyam B, Mehdi SQ, Tyler-Smith C. Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. - posted on 03/06/2006
, Ҫͨ治(˵ҪͬеĹ۵㻹ܲ). ˵仰ܶ:"Ϊ̫." ܲܲͬ˹۵ѧ?
лϰ˶е. :-)
ʮһ wrote:
Ruozhi wrote::-)
ƪ""ûйϷ, ƪֳ. ôдô? οĿʸ.
ԭӡ㲻ͬ۵, ƪѧҶǾ۵ͽ? free will illusion. :-(
Ϊ̫ӡDawkinsҲһ֮ԡ˽Ķ˽ΪǺ˼ - posted on 03/07/2006
Ruozhi may want to read the following article. I am sure Dawkins would do better explaining himself. :-)
Harv Bus Rev. 2001 Jan;79(1):159-63, 178.
What is science good for?
Dawkins R.
A nonbusiness discipline can provide a useful framework for thinking about old problems in new ways. People who study management, for instance, freely borrow from many fields of science to theorize about organizational behavior and business strategy. Evolutionary psychology and biology are especially popular sources of inspiration. But should they be? Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins has spent much of his career explaining science to the public. More than 20 years ago, his book The Selfish Gene shattered the popular belief that evolution necessarily favors altruism and self-sacrifice. In a conversation with HBR senior editor Diane Coutu, Dawkins discusses the role of science in our lives and identifies some of the more glaring public misperceptions of scientific theories. In particular, he disentangles the current notion that certain behaviors are in some way preprogrammed and explodes some contemporary myths about the Human Genome Project. Dawkins says much of the popular fear surrounding genetic manipulation is unfounded. "Humans have been practicing it for thousands of years, to no obvious ill effect," he says. Modern foot-long corncobs, the result of more than 1,000 years of artificial selection, are "quite Frankenstein-like" compared to their half-inch-long progenitors, he points out. He also touches on agriculture giant Monsanto and the media: "Part of the reason for Monsanto's troubles is that the company came up against an extraordinary amount of unfortunate, even malevolent, media hype," he says. "And people were more or less misled, by one scare story after another, into stampeding." A staunch defender of science as a haven of rational thought, Dawkins counsels businesspeople to recognize the limitations--as well as the beauty--of science.
- posted on 03/07/2006
ʱ֣æѰʳҷɡȺʳ𡱾סͬһɽмij֮伸ûѪԵϵǵŮȴн߳ͬһףҲȺġɽŮɽĻ飬һǵŮ
һطһ֡δƽʱȴǴ۷־ӣֻڽ伾ڼ档δʮҳϡÿĽ伾ɵȥѰͬһֻ𡣲Ҳ̫ѣΪֻҲҡֻÿֻһӣĺǶֵá
ֳַΪȻͬȴܽƣкǿԵϵʵϣڶձ顣Ҳ˵ڷֳʱŬǿһϵֵúͽЯĻȫͬԱĻҲͬһͥκһŮĴζͥĸĸĻõ൱̶ȵıȫ
ͷDavid Attenboroughζ
еһдͷӭչᣬͶڶ㡣ƵӱȱȽǡ
Ҳһֻ컮ˮߡѩηѧ
Ͼֽͣδйһ
дµвأͺҪ¡
Ψһźǽ̫࣬Щɣ
- Re: 八十一子:“自私”的基因和“生存机器”posted on 03/08/2006
xw˵ǡд¥ϸλĽ鶼ˡпʱٿ - Re: 八十一子:“自私”的基因和“生存机器”posted on 03/09/2006
ǫ飬ºܿ۽磬
ϸ۲ΣʵҲ̶أ˵
ûдģȻб˵ų⡣
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