道可道，非常道
朱小棣
记得上小学高年级时有一天不知从哪儿第一次读到这句话：道可道，非常道。一时之间兴奋莫名，喜欢那辨证的逻辑和机锋。怀揣着得意，想要向小伙伴们献宝，不料却碰上“秀才遇到兵，有理说不清”的麻烦，因为当时他们还无人能将“非常”二字拆开来念，其它讲究，一律免谈。若干年后，一位大学同事告诉我，他小时候写作文，说过春节时“到处张灯结彩，好不热闹”，被语文老师好一通批，让把家长叫来，然后当面对着母亲说：你儿子是怎么想的？明明张灯结彩好热闹，他偏要说“好不热闹”。怎么能是不热闹呢？弄得这位母亲差点儿没笑出声儿来。可见文字这东西真不好掌握，要不怎么说“人生识字糊涂始”呢？
又过了若干年，忽然有一天我觉得我那些小伙伴们也没错。面对五彩缤纷的世界，杂论纷呈，又如何辨认什么才是正宗或正道呢？当然是讲得明白、说得清楚的道理才是好道理啊。那才叫道地和地道啊！于是对“道可道，非常道”有了自己的歪解。
后来又道听途说一些佛教公案故事，发现著名的禅师们往往会用很偏颇的说法来启发教导门徒，有故意画个佛像在地上，然后席地而坐，一屁股坐在佛像上的，还有把禅称做“干屎厥”的。总之，他们在说教(道可道，此处第一个道也做动词解)时，用的不是一般常用的方法(非常道)。于是在我眼里，这句道家名言，遂成了佛教禅师如何点化顽徒的真实写照。原来要想讲清楚道理，就得不用常理。此系我独家第二歪解。
再后来，听说儒家讲究正统，“非礼勿视、非礼勿听”，让我再次觉得我的小伙伴们想得对，就是应该要去宣讲大道理啊(道可道)，那才叫有德性，做得非常在理、地道(非常道)。于是这道家名言又成了阐释儒家行为规范的绝妙好词，几乎可以作标语口号用。此乃本人独家第三歪解是也。
以后又改革开放了，各种西方理论鱼贯而入，要想继续坚持正统竟成为一件难事，再想去布道(道可道)，已是难以为继和做到，不再可能了，已非当时之常道。这便算是我的歪解之四。当然还是道家法眼高，老早就看出其不可为：道可道，非常道。否定了一切光荣正确、万寿无疆。这回算是正解。再想下去，却原来是没有永久性真理，一旦能道尽其妙，则变得一文不值。须要始终保持神秘性，这才是保持价值的不二法门。
短短六个字，其中一个还重复了三遍，尽可变换做名词、动词、副词解，派生出许许多多的歧意旁解来，弄得人眼花缭乱，苦思冥想，既可以各执一说，固执己见，还可以三思而数变其意。正如佛教公案里一位老僧所说：过去我看山是山，看水是水，后来看山不是山，看水不是水，如今我看山还是山，看水还是水。
诸位看官不必在此听我胡扯闲聊，若是真想学道拜佛可以先去看看南怀瑾先生的<<禅与道概论>>(真善美出版社，民国五十七年版)。如果愿意听我发牢骚，我就再接着说两句。我想我不能不抱怨当初仓颉造字时偷工减料，遂给子孙后代遗留下后患无穷，害得如今著名高等学府女教授上电视开讲<<论语>>也被人揪住一大把小辫子。还是不说旁人只说自己吧，读完南先生的书，我依然觉着自己是一生糊涂识字始。是否懊恼学洋文，那倒也还不一定，因为在英文里我至今也还没有找着这么精彩绕人的东东(西)。
2007年7月10日
- Re: 閬撳彲閬擄紝闈炲父閬� (杞嚜鏈卞皬妫�<<闂蹭功闂茶瘽闆�>>)posted on 08/19/2007
嘻嘻，朱老师的道，笑死我了。 - Re: 閬撳彲閬擄紝闈炲父閬� (杞嚜鏈卞皬妫�<<闂蹭功闂茶瘽闆�>>)posted on 08/20/2007
看到最后，知道是广告。：）
我一直是这样认为的，
科学的东西，一定要深，谁都能看懂的东西，很难说是科学；
人文的东西，一定要浅，谁都看不懂的文章，只能是欺人加自欺。 - Re: 閬撳彲閬擄紝闈炲父閬� (杞嚜鏈卞皬妫�<<闂蹭功闂茶瘽闆�>>)posted on 08/20/2007
朱小棣<<闲书闲话集>>,这书看样子不是大陆出的，百度了一下，0个记录。 - Re: 閬撳彲閬擄紝闈炲父閬� (杞嚜鏈卞皬妫�<<闂蹭功闂茶瘽闆�>>)posted on 08/20/2007
这篇很好玩。朱老师的这本书哪里能买到？ - posted on 08/20/2007
Sorry for the confusion. Currently it is only a collection of essays (文集) post on Yidian.org and that is the title I gave to my 文集/collection there. I am writing at a speed of about one for each week. So far I have written over 30 articles. When I feel I have enough to edit into a book form to be printed by a publisher I will get it published. If censorship in mainland becomes an issue, I have to get it published overseas. If profitability is the issue I may consider self-publishing. I always wait for about a month before I post the article in yidian.com so that I can have second thoughts and review of the first draft. Yidian.com used to be accesible to mainland China until May 2007. That is unfortunate. Otherwise more people can access to the entire collection of articles I am writing and posting there. Someone recently copied one article from there and posted here and someone else asked me to post more of the kind. So I post a second one here. - posted on 08/21/2007
Sorry for misleading. If you mean 南怀瑾先生的<<禅与道概论>>, I didn't mean it. It's just because my title of the book is decided to be <<闲书闲话集>> I felt I have to mention a book or two, and this one happens to be the one that relates to both of my articles posted here. In fact, it is this book that intrigued me to write these two essays.
As for my own book or future book, I would like to promote it here and hopefully people visiting this cafe will buy it when it is in print.
Right now, please just enjoy reading my pieces and any criticism or suggestions is welcome and it may help me revise my writings if I see it as necessary. Praise and encouragement are also welcome. Thanks in advance.
qinggang wrote: 看到最后，知道是广告。：）
- posted on 08/21/2007
yidian.com really cannot be accesible in mainland.
hope Dr zhu can also post all your essays here.:)
zxd wrote:
Sorry for the confusion. Currently it is only a collection of essays (文集) post on Yidian.com and that is the title I gave to my 文集/collection there. I am writing at a speed of about one for each week. So far I have written over 30 articles. When I feel I have enough to edit into a book form to be printed by a publisher I will get it published. If censorship in mainland becomes an issue, I have to get it published overseas. If profitability is the issue I may consider self-publishing. I always wait for about a month before I post the article in yidian.com so that I can have second thoughts and review of the first draft. Yidian.com used to be accesible to mainland China until May 2007. That is unfortunate. Otherwise more people can access to the entire collection of articles I am writing and posting there. Someone recently copied one article from there and posted here and someone else asked me to post more of the kind. So I post a second one here. - Re: 閬撳彲閬擄紝闈炲父閬� (杞嚜鏈卞皬妫�<<闂蹭功闂茶瘽闆�>>)posted on 08/21/2007
Thank you for your interest. I will. By the way, it is Yidian.org, instead of .com, but anyway, it is no longer accesible in mainland. Hope that will change some day. - posted on 08/22/2007
我是指您的这本书啊。原来还没有出，那我只有在咖啡馆一睹为快了。谢谢分享～～：）
zxd wrote:
Sorry for the confusion. Currently it is only a collection of essays (文集) post on Yidian.org and that is the title I gave to my 文集/collection there. I am writing at a speed of about one for each week. So far I have written over 30 articles. When I feel I have enough to edit into a book form to be printed by a publisher I will get it published. If censorship in mainland becomes an issue, I have to get it published overseas. If profitability is the issue I may consider self-publishing. I always wait for about a month before I post the article in yidian.com so that I can have second thoughts and review of the first draft. Yidian.com used to be accesible to mainland China until May 2007. That is unfortunate. Otherwise more people can access to the entire collection of articles I am writing and posting there. Someone recently copied one article from there and posted here and someone else asked me to post more of the kind. So I post a second one here. - Re: 閬撳彲閬擄紝闈炲父閬� (杞嚜鏈卞皬妫�<<闂蹭功闂茶瘽闆�>>)posted on 08/22/2007
哈哈，这个道可道的不错，也非常道：）
July说她信上帝其实就是信道，这回我信了：）
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