鳤йʮߴĵ˼ƻǷýͣˡȥݵʱҲ˺ܶƻƻ飬ʱҾбһƻ¼뷨Ϊڴ֮ǰҶԼƻĸ棬ѧ˿ѧȷܶ۲˼ˡƻейǽоľѼƻߵһƽȷչеŶôdz˱ŶֱӵӰ֮⣬кЧӦʶ̬ijԥҺԣڵйڼƻķDzģо˼ľûᡣ
ΧŶŮǵչͷӵģҲ˵Ƕȵѡһʵʡ仯ᣬʵεأһԷḺĸ˵Сʱĸ˵ĸֻ³ɳǷΣһ˵ܹǾ˵һǮҪ˻ְԼкӣô˻൱ûͨͺǰ£ҪõĿǰԼĹʵ룬ҪԼ⣬Ҫֻһǵĸ˶μӹҾݽϱաͳĻõһˣȻ忴Ҳǻܳġ
ξ˵ԭǰأôôأйͳ˵һˣǾǶӾˣûˣţ۵ܷڵʶ̬ЩʱˡǾ˵˵ɣǵֻḣԼˣҶԷɵʶйϱպٱƵģǣ֮ͲˣǮһ棬ͨͺǾͻܲңǸλӵĸ廧ҵС˽ԼйͶ죬Ҳ˵֮λûйĻdzϽ֮ûκľˡϽ֮ǰdz϶Dzģͳܰ϶æûмŵ˼Ѿˣ㱻ƻǰȻҲǵѾڼƻ֮ڵˡţ
ǵһ˵ʱƻйʶ̬ϵIJȷʵܳɹʹ֪ʶŮӶͳͬӡˡͬԡ鸾ȵȼͥȻԪҪʵʲǶԪģ˵ȱģ乲ͬص㶼ûкҲǡʱ֮һţˣô죿Ȼд˶йδḣֹ۵̬ȣԺҽ˵ġСʱж֮һӵβСĻҪжĻΪڳԺϣûжͯôϲôж˶죬ͬĻDzһģͬʱҲض죬籱ķݡʳƷȻҪ
ó۵㣺
ϡĿǰҲǸӸˡ鳤˵˶ȽϳǾˣ汲ʮˣʱһСҪ˵Ŀ֧ˡ
ڡԺһDZɣֵͶʡٹ굱Щ仯ⶼֵʱԺһܴIJҾܼҵгͶʽԺʱǸֺˣӹ鵽϶ռƣǿɾǽɽɽˡ
ȻдЩֻǼƻεıɽһǡ
鳤ʱӳǵĹ˵ʮ귨ݣ鳤˵ᣬΪҶԹԱͶҪԱͶʸߵö࣬Ѿ͵ļˣʱƼķչֻܳʣļΪͯŮļСʱԱǰݾͺܲˡţ˵ҴݺдС˵ԷˡǺǣʱС˵гľҲܼҵİɡ
ڵ˱ԼȱĶ˵˵Ϊ˰֯ͥʹҷ·δij硣õĽйᷢһ˵ı϶ǼƻıȻͨⳡǶսȥĥ뱯ʱйdzױػǻ֪鳤Ļ˵϶Ҳǵ仯⣬ġôٲһ£ѾƻӿԽʡϴˣǷäǣй˿ĹҡǺǣʱĸй˻Ըйأ
ƻʵһɱΪǴ˿ϡ˿ϣΪ̥УжԽ˱ϴӽͰ϶ԴڵĿ۵߽⡣ĸԭ˿أҾԼȥ֤ɡ
- Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/10/2007
쵣̫ˡʱûʲôãŷŮ˶ӾﶼüʮˣҲûǵ5˿ȫйطƻûӵķӣڱס
йĿǰһ˿ڵ⡣Ƶĸ籣Ψһ· - Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/10/2007
ѧ˸ʣfrom baidu
ԭӺ˴Ӽ״̬ظƽ״̬Ĺ̽гԥ̡ʱгԥʱ䡣
===============
Ͻͣй˼ƻ;ҪDzƻĻڵĻֹ300ȫйˣӼȥ - posted on 10/10/2007
йļƻʵǿ˵ʵǶطũ˿ڻûдӰ죬ĸ֪֪ũǷɱ֮Ȩйֻйһûڽ̡ܹһ㿹ӡȺձ˿ܶȶҪй˰ɡ
һ£
2005˿ڣƽÿƽƽ˿
China1,304,369,000 9,572,900 136.2564113
India 1,103,371,000 3,166,414 348.4607509
Japan 128,085,000 377,887 338.9505328
йɾסжأҲȾŰʮٵöࡣô˵ԴҲӡȺձɡ
- posted on 10/10/2007
rzp wrote:
йļƻʵǿ˵ʵǶطũ˿ڻûдӰ죬ĸ֪֪ũǷɱ֮Ȩйֻйһûڽ̡ܹһ㿹ӡȺձ˿ܶȶҪй˰ɡ
ԲͬrzpĹ۵㡣
ձӡȺզģ
ձҪռʡһԭزô
˶ɶõģƻȻƽ⡣
ǰ߶˵ˣйʵû취˭Ըǻ˰ֺãǮû취ô
͵ְɣҲ̯һīôСھӣѼôйԣŪһdzС - posted on 10/10/2007
ϵܣҿû˵ձӡȺããҲû˵˶ããﳣֻԺúͲ۶ϵģҲû˵ûţй˶ûҪ˵˿͵֡ʶũ˿ǸҸĸܿǸöࡣ
˵Ҳˣû˶˿ƺ⡣Ѳɹ˸dzɼ˼Ǹϴˮġ
˿Ǹ⣬Ҫʾġģ˼
wrote:
rzp wrote:ԲͬrzpĹ۵㡣
йļƻʵǿ˵ʵǶطũ˿ڻûдӰ죬ĸ֪֪ũǷɱ֮Ȩйֻйһûڽ̡ܹһ㿹ӡȺձ˿ܶȶҪй˰ɡ
ձӡȺզģ
ձҪռʡһԭزô
˶ɶõģƻȻƽ⡣
ǰ߶˵ˣйʵû취˭Ըǻ˰ֺãǮû취ô
͵ְɣҲ̯һīôСھӣѼôйԣŪһdzС - Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/10/2007
rzp wrote:
ϵܣҿû˵ձӡȺããҲû˵˶ããﳣֻԺúͲ۶ϵģҲû˵ûţй˶ûҪ˵˿͵֡ʶũ˿ǸҸĸܿǸöࡣ
DzǶƽʱŪƿµĺ֢
һͷһ˵ĻһһģҲԺˡ - Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/10/2007
rzp wrote:
йɾסжأҲȾŰʮٵöࡣô˵ԴҲӡȺձɡ
ҾûǵøЩõĹұȣӴáˣ
ӡձЩĹұȣɶǰ; - Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/10/2007
Ҫдռˣһ£ʱˡ
ʱһСʱ - posted on 10/10/2007
:) ͷͷ֮仹ݵءΪ˶ᣬ ײˡֻijֶԼֵ۵ѡļֵۣѡҲһ·ԴԵġ˭˭˭Ļ˵ӽǡ
qinggang wrote:
rzp wrote:DzǶƽʱŪƿµĺ֢
ϵܣҿû˵ձӡȺããҲû˵˶ããﳣֻԺúͲ۶ϵģҲû˵ûţй˶ûҪ˵˿͵֡ʶũ˿ǸҸĸܿǸöࡣ
һͷһ˵ĻһһģҲԺˡ - posted on 10/10/2007
˵ϵܿܰĻɡϣоһ¡
ȥؽ֣ʵboard of education of local school district)ᡣиѧļѧ١
ѾȫѧзΧڸֽײ˺ܶ࣬ᵽȴǸոտʼ
һķɵͣص˵ÿνֿҲȡͷԡ˼ȥԣÿοᶼһɷԵʱΣ⼸˶ǵͨһйˣǶԸȤרҵʿегùйľ飬Ҳгڴ½ĵѧߡ
Kriostof(http://www.nytimes.com/ref/opinion/KRISTOF-BIO.html)ǸйԨԴˣڷΪʲôѧҪĽʱֽйģ ......China is not really a rising power, China is a recovery power.......
- posted on 10/10/2007
qinggang wrote:
ѧ˸ʣfrom baidu
ԭӺ˴Ӽ״̬ظƽ״̬Ĺ̽гԥ̡ʱгԥʱ䡣
ٶȵоԣţǸ㻯ѧģԥȶϵͳźָȶ̣Ҫýϳʱ䣬ԿԴзֵȶ״̬µϵͳֵܷоѧѧʱ
===============
Ͻͣй˼ƻ;ҪDzƻĻڵĻֹ300ȫйˣӼȥ
⣬֪⣬лһҵĹ۲˼дġ - posted on 10/10/2007
rzp wrote:٣˵ͦġ
˵ϵܿܰĻɡϣоһ¡
Kriostof(http://www.nytimes.com/ref/opinion/KRISTOF-BIO.html)ǸйԨԴˣڷΪʲôѧҪĽʱֽйģ ......China is not really a rising power, China is a recovery power.......
˵ԼĺáʵĸҲչԼĺá - posted on 10/10/2007
Ͻ wrote:Ͻ͵ͨסлл
ٶȵоԣţǸ㻯ѧģԥȶϵͳźָȶ̣Ҫýϳʱ䣬ԿԴзֵȶ״̬µϵͳֵܷоѧѧʱ
´дĵʱȡһ¡
===============
⣬֪⣬лһҵĹ۲˼дġ
Ǿڴ´εĶ
Ǽᶨļƻ֧ߡ - posted on 10/10/2007
Ҵһҵ˼ٰɣҿֵЩԶˣ
1ҿǵֽšͷԣֳ
2ϸˡ˿ѧеļѧģͣйھƻʱʹõѧģҲˣкܼһҲоһ£©עҲרҵѧѧģҲǴѧѧˮƽǸģҶܹ©Ǿ˵ˡ
3й½ıշŲеֵȵȷĶԼĵĸ١巨ûп
4й˿ڷֲ䡢Ա֪ʶṹȣ˿ͳеģGDP⣬ţȷʵҲ漰ҵĶԱȡ
5й˿ڱըʲôĩ˿˿Щйϵġ
6⣬ʵǾѧ⣬ҲѧģһһЩģٸԹΪѧ⣬ôǰĸģ֮ʲôͬ
7ִйŮŵѧЩͨճ۲ͱĶõġйŮ˶ʵйŮܵѹȵĹ㷺֣ԼʷϽйĻȫģӲģȻˣǾԵζҲײࡣ
8ƻϴ;ʲôۻʲô߹ʲô߳Ժ;߽ıȽϡԼ߳Եʽı䣬һԵļ裬ʽԸıһгԡ
9仯⣬ڴ˵һ֣仯µѧıȻ̬ķЩıЩû˵
10ƻеĹбΪͳƺ۲졣ʹټͥѡʧˣ˶ˣⳡ˶ıгɷռİٷֱǶ٣
11Ϊ˼ƻй˶Ǯƻ20йǷԵĸƣƸԭǸĸ↑أǼƻ
12취֣̽ʹЩ˿ѧģԸй˿״вͨˣΪṹѧģʹõȻṹܴйṹеΪӰĺܹ㷺̡ڻûʲôԽȻԸźսУҲʷ˿̬ƽⳣõһʮˬķӡһַѾ㷺ˣǾǴйѭϵйƶָΪҲDZȻģȻ˿ڵһȻ
˿ڵѧģһ˿ޣ߶ߣΪƣȻеַޡֳַƵѧģͶõޡߵʱ˶˾ͻ˾ͻӪ˵ͻ̣˿ʾ½˿ҽƷǺܶ˸ģ˿Ȼڡˣ˶ҲǾ˵ˡй˿ѧģʮĸйƸĸ↑źʮ˿©֮һκιҵ˿ѧоָйƻѧģͲţҲDZɽһǡ
ţϵоҽ˾꣬ӴʼĿĵĿصϡһд鷳ҾһٺˡôǺǣ˵ģйļƻĸԭ˿⣬κʷ⡣йļƻǿѧģǴоʼDzѧģDZӰ˵ģʷʶ̬Ӱ죬ٺȫʶ̬ĶѭˣҲ˵йһˣҪ֪㴦ڶѭʱеĶѭԵĸеǶԵģʱҪǣǡǡõijԡ1011ķֻˡйƻаٺһ - posted on 10/11/2007
йƻ¼ijͻìǹҶ̵IJΣȻǡҵȨԤߣšϸǰҶй˿ںûԲ죬ǧţĩˣȻʱ˴ģϲʺǡǰ˿˿ղļˣֳԺͶս߾ӿ룩սй˿ڱһԭȻԤˣ˵Ҳ˹֡ӢĸסƻӰˡҲԿë͵֮Ȩ⣬˿ڳһƣǾͱˣҲΪʱѡ©ѧģ͵ԭ֮һеʱ֪ʶٴӾõĽǶȥ˼һСˡûмƻôҲûзй˿ѹأȻҸоΪҪöࡣ - posted on 10/11/2007
Ͻ wrote:ôǺǣ˵ģйļƻĸԭ˿⣬κʷ⡣
ҵĿ,йļƻֱԭ˿⣬Ժκʷ⡣
Ұձ˿仯,ԭǾƶ,ʱūƶȺᱣƶ.ʱūƶʹǹѹܴ,ᱣƶʹDz.
ִҽƼķչ˿Ĵ, ʱūƶȵºᱣƶʹDzԸ,˴ﵽһƽ.
йڸĸ↑ǰ,ûʵʱūƶҲûнȫᱣƶ,Զ,,εĽDzɱ.
йгõķչᱣƶȵ,˿Զڵıػ,νıػ.
- posted on 10/11/2007
Ͻ wrote:
Ҵһҵ˼ٰɣҿֵЩԶˣ
ͬ͵˼·ͬʱòй˿DZȽƬģìӦת¡
һǰͬãʮſ˵Ĵͥһ˶ʲôɱŮֻеഺԺͷ۵⣬˯üױǶӣǼԺԲˣèһĵͳɱ£ȱʡƶȵǰ£˿ڱDzɱġͬ˿ҲңսͼĵȫĸЧӦ˼һ˶ߡйзȻǵĵйأͬʱֱӵǿƼͺԶˣǻص˿
мͥĿ֧˵ʳѲǴͷԴΰ֮Ѿ㹻ʳȫ(ļⲻʳFood Distribution) ԣͥסլԴĵƿҪǰͬѾұΪ֮ң߶֮࣬Ҳ˵ͬ˿ڣҪĿϵļͥҲԴӼͥƽ˿
ͥĿǵֱӺסլNԴķNйӢĸͬõģʮԺĿŲʽת䣬ԴìܲԳ
ϻȥֲϡһ˿ڣͲֻͳ̸ϴˮ裬ҲͬϴЧҲܽȻ෴
- posted on 10/11/2007
ʱūƶȵºᱣƶʹDzԸ
ֻϣһʱ䣬һĹѹ
abc wrote:
Ͻ wrote:ôǺǣ˵ģйļƻĸԭ˿⣬κʷ⡣
ҵĿ,йļƻֱԭ˿⣬Ժκʷ⡣
Ұձ˿仯,ԭǾƶ,ʱūƶȺᱣƶ.ʱūƶʹǹѹܴ,ᱣƶʹDz.
ִҽƼķչ˿Ĵ, ʱūƶȵºᱣƶʹDzԸ,˴ﵽһƽ.
йڸĸ↑ǰ,ûʵʱūƶҲûнȫᱣƶ,Զ,,εĽDzɱ.
йгõķչᱣƶȵ,˿Զڵıػ,νıػ.
- posted on 10/11/2007
LM wrote:
ʱūƶȵºᱣƶʹDzԸ
ֻϣһʱ䣬һĹѹ
̵һʱ. Ĺ۲,ĹѹDZȽϴ.
סϢ˰,ܶͥǸծӪ,ʧȥǼܿµ. ,ѹǿ֪.ѹĵѹ,Ӱδƻ()ѹ.
ѧͥС,ĺ,Ȼƽ.
- posted on 10/11/2007
ܶͥծӪʵΪס,¶ѹĺ(Ȼ˵ûѹһѹû)Ǯlife style.ôѹ˭Ҫlife style?
ҵĸо뷨Ƚ(û˿˼)ǮͲܣΪҲ. :)
ͬIT罻϶֪࣬ITҵԱѹҪĶĶࡣ
abc wrote:
LM wrote:̵һʱ. Ĺ۲,ĹѹDZȽϴ.
ʱūƶȵºᱣƶʹDzԸ
ֻϣһʱ䣬һĹѹ
סϢ˰,ܶͥǸծӪ,ʧȥǼܿµ. ,ѹǿ֪.ѹĵѹ,Ӱδƻ()ѹ.
ѧͥС,ĺ,Ȼƽ.
- posted on 10/11/2007
LM wrote:
ܶͥծӪʵΪס,¶ѹĺ(Ȼ˵ûѹһѹû)Ǯlife style.ôѹ˭Ҫlife style?
ҵĸо뷨Ƚ(û˿˼)ǮͲܣΪҲ. :)
ͬIT罻϶֪࣬ITҵԱѹҪĶĶࡣ
ڹѹȽϴʵ. ҵ,Ҫгƶɵ. ҲԾƶȵѹ,йòϣǿ.
ѹǸ۵Ķ,˵ѹ,Ҳ˵.
˵Ǯlife style,˵Ǿƶȵľ,ԺȨôֹԺصū.
ôѹ˭Ҫlife style?
һܺõ. ༼˺ܴĽ,Ҳḻ,ǵѹȴ, ʲôԭ?
,Ѻǿ,İȫѹҲ,ʲôԭ?
,.
˼DZȽ,ҸоȽ. Ե,ʵһݳ.
- posted on 10/11/2007
abc wrote:
Ͻ wrote:ôǺǣ˵ģйļƻĸԭ˿⣬κʷ⡣
ҵĿ,йļƻֱԭ˿⣬Ժκʷ⡣
Ұձ˿仯,ԭǾƶ,ʱūƶȺᱣƶ.ʱūƶʹǹѹܴ,ᱣƶʹDz.
ִҽƼķչ˿Ĵ, ʱūƶȵºᱣƶʹDzԸ,˴ﵽһƽ.
йڸĸ↑ǰ,ûʵʱūƶҲûнȫᱣƶ,Զ,,εĽDzɱ.
йгõķչᱣƶȵ,˿Զڵıػ,νıػ.
˵ѹ⡣Ȼѹϵģ˵ϡ͡ߡ͡ߡϣԴڡ˵״аˡߡ״̬ţ˵ģǿߵıߵ״̬У˵ĽɫߣڷУ˵Ľɫǿ⣬ḣͶǷֿǵġţ˷״˿ޣ֮Ŀͬ - posted on 10/11/2007
abc wrote:
LM wrote:ڹѹȽϴʵ. ҵ,Ҫгƶɵ. ҲԾƶȵѹ,йòϣǿ.
ܶͥծӪʵΪס,¶ѹĺ(Ȼ˵ûѹһѹû)Ǯlife style.ôѹ˭Ҫlife style?
ҵĸо뷨Ƚ(û˿˼)ǮͲܣΪҲ. :)
ͬIT罻϶֪࣬ITҵԱѹҪĶĶࡣ
ѹǸ۵Ķ,˵ѹ,Ҳ˵.
˵Ǯlife style,˵Ǿƶȵľ,ԺȨôֹԺصū.
ôѹ˭Ҫlife style?
һܺõ. ༼˺ܴĽ,Ҳḻ,ǵѹȴ, ʲôԭ?
,Ѻǿ,İȫѹҲ,ʲôԭ?
,.
ҵȫǷţΪǺҵһڹѹϣұѹϣҵʵչѾܹܵ״̬˿ѧûйϵġԶԱһũҵе˵Ϊ빤ҵᡢҵеΪͿԿˡ
˼DZȽ,ҸоȽ. Ե,ʵһݳ.
- posted on 10/11/2007
WOA wrote:
Ͻ wrote:ͬ͵˼·ͬʱòй˿DZȽƬģìӦת¡
Ҵһҵ˼ٰɣҿֵЩԶˣ
һǰͬãʮſ˵Ĵͥһ˶ʲôɱŮֻеഺԺͷ۵⣬˯üױǶӣǼԺԲˣèһĵͳɱ£ȱʡƶȵǰ£˿ڱDzɱġͬ˿ҲңսͼĵȫĸЧӦ˼һ˶ߡйзȻǵĵйأͬʱֱӵǿƼͺԶˣǻص˿
ⲢûгԶҲǴõӡģС˵пȷʵ˵ǸʷвġǾ䡰йзһ¡ĩйͳƱͿ֪йߡֺ˵ǵʱĿġĩֻһоҰͳеһڣӽʮйֺҲܹõͬӡ⣬ëѪ没2003ķǵ䣬ЩǹⲻġȻҲйûзģ˵ŷѧչʷϿǰѺͬŷŮ˶ϵһǵġϿ˻йءҲйΪͬýףĻǼܹͬãҵѵð
мͥĿ֧˵ʳѲǴͷԴΰ֮Ѿ㹻ʳȫ(ļⲻʳFood Distribution) ԣͥסլԴĵƿҪǰͬѾұΪ֮ң߶֮࣬Ҳ˵ͬ˿ڣҪĿϵļͥҲԴӼͥƽ˿
Ҳ֪˵ġʳѲǴͷǷϻҵõһʲôָʳռѵıģǸָУйǽ˰ǿġ
ͥĿǵֱӺסլNԴķNйӢĸͬõģʮԺĿŲʽת䣬ԴìܲԳ
Ϊ˵Դⲻ˿⣬˿ֲ⡣羭öԱ˿ӿ룬ʹ˿ֲ˼IJƽ⡣Ҳڵģйôҡһ´ѧҵѡ˿19891999йܷ仯ݣܹõҵġͼͥĿǹϵЩϵҪԭ
ϻȥֲϡһ˿ڣͲֻͳ̸ϴˮ裬ҲͬϴЧҲܽȻ෴
- Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/11/2007
Ͻ wrote:
ҵȫǷţΪǺҵһڹѹϣұѹϣҵʵչѾܹܵ״̬˿ѧûйϵġԶԱһũҵе˵Ϊ빤ҵᡢҵеΪͿԿˡ
е,. - posted on 10/11/2007
йл,ᱣ仯.
гõĹ,˭¢,˭. ,й,¢ϵĵط̫(,Դ,ҷȨ,̨,ֳаȨ,).ֻҪʵгƶ,йͻܸԣ,йȫᱣϵ. Ŀǰ,й籣ϵĽٶѳܶ˵.
˿ڳлҲгƶȾ. ,ǹյԴ. һ뱣֤ԣ,ɹ÷ȡ.
仯,ҵ籣֧, ҪڹȺӳе,ᵼͶʾ½.
籣ϵȽϽȫĻ,仯IJѹ,˹ѹ. Ϊ˲ƸľȨ,ƫ,һ취Ҳûе.
гƶǺܴ. ԣҪԼʱ,ҪѻתΪ¢ԵԴ,ķ.
- posted on 10/12/2007
УҵţȻ²һʵ
һҵѧ룬ҪDzζ֮ijɱʱĴ۲סȴ൱ϺҽƱգ϶ǶƵĺã
˵ߣʼĩϵӦ߹ģģԵʱ˿ԾɱȲ˼ҵwikiгWHOȫδߣҪǿľĿҪصʱ˿ڵİٷֱȡ
ЩȷȫĻɼŴй˵áʹķǵ䡢УҲҵӡУ88ǴμٴǿõԭܹʮֶУŴйײ˱ȽͼݣӦ˸ĶȾʵĹҶˣ㿴ձԽϣһΪ
Pandemics and notable epidemics through history
There have been a number of significant pandemics recorded in human history, generally zoonoses that came about with domestication of animals such as influenza and tuberculosis. There have been a number of particularly significant epidemics that deserve mention above the "mere" destruction of cities:
Peloponnesian War, 430 BC. Typhoid fever killed a quarter of the Athenian troops and a quarter of the population over four years. This disease fatally weakened the dominance of Athens, but the sheer virulence of the disease prevented its wider spread; i.e. it killed off its hosts at a rate faster than they could spread it. The exact cause of the plague was unknown for many years; in January 2006, researchers from the University of Athens analyzed teeth recovered from a mass grave underneath the city, and confirmed the presence of bacteria responsible for typhoid. [1]
Antonine Plague, 165C180. Possibly smallpox brought back from the Near East; killed a quarter of those infected and up to five million in all. At the height of a second outbreak (251C266) 5,000 people a day were said to be dying in Rome.
Plague of Justinian, from 541 to 750, was the first recorded outbreak of the bubonic plague. It started in Egypt and reached Constantinople the following spring, killing (according to the Byzantine chronicler Procopius) 10,000 a day at its height and perhaps 40 percent of the city's inhabitants. It went on to eliminate a quarter to a half of the human population that it struck throughout the known world. [1]
The Black Death, started 1300s. Eight hundred years after the last outbreak, the bubonic plague returned to Europe. Starting in Asia, the disease reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1348 (possibly from Italian merchants fleeing fighting in the Crimea), and killed twenty million Europeans in six years, a quarter of the total population and up to a half in the worst-affected urban areas.[2]
Cholera
first pandemic 1816C1826. Previously restricted to the Indian subcontinent, the pandemic began in Bengal, then spread across India by 1820. It extended as far as China and the Caspian Sea before receding.
The second pandemic (1829C1851) reached Europe, London in 1832, Ontario Canada and New York in the same year, and the Pacific coast of North America by 1834.
The third pandemic (1852C1860) mainly affected Russia, with over a million deaths.
The fourth pandemic (1863C1875) spread mostly in Europe and Africa.
In 1866 there was an outbreak in North America.
In 1892 cholera contaminated the water supply of Hamburg, Germany, and caused 8,606 deaths.[3]
The seventh pandemic (1899C1923) had little effect in Europe because of advances in public health, but Russia was badly affected again.
The eighth pandemic began in Indonesia in 1961, called El Tor after the strain, and reached Bangladesh in 1963, India in 1964, and the USSR in 1966.
Influenza
The "first" pandemic of 1510 travelled from Africa and spread across Europe.[4][5]
The "Asiatic Flu", 1889C1890. Was first reported in May of 1889 in Bukhara, Russia. By October, it had reached Tomsk and the Caucasus. It rapidly spread west and hit North America in December 1889, South America in FebruaryCApril 1890, India in February-March 1890, and Australia in MarchCApril 1890. It was purportedly caused by the H2N8 type of flu virus and had a very high attack and mortality rate.
The "Spanish flu", 1918C1919. First identified early March 1918 in US troops training at Camp Funston, Kansas, by October 1918 it had spread to become a world-wide pandemic on all continents. Unusually deadly and virulent, it ended nearly as quickly as it began, vanishing completely within 18 months. In six months, 25 million were dead; some estimates put the total of those killed worldwide at over twice that number. An estimated 17 million died in India, 500,000 in the United States and 200,000 in the UK. The virus was recently reconstructed by scientists at the CDC studying remains preserved by the Alaskan permafrost. They identified it as a type of H1N1 virus.
The "Asian Flu", 1957C58. An H2N2 caused about 70,000 deaths in the United States. First identified in China in late February 1957, the Asian flu spread to the United States by June 1957.
The "Hong Kong Flu", 1968C69. An H3N2 caused about 34,000 deaths in the United States. This virus was first detected in Hong Kong in early 1968 and spread to the United States later that year. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses still circulate today.
Typhus, sometimes called "camp fever" because of its pattern of flaring up in times of strife. (It is also known as "gaol fever" and "ship fever", for its habits of spreading wildly in cramped quarters, such as jails and ships.) Emerging during the Crusades, it had its first impact in Europe in 1489 in Spain. During fighting between the Christian Spaniards and the Muslims in Granada, the Spanish lost 3,000 to war casualties and 20,000 to typhus. In 1528 the French lost 18,000 troops in Italy and lost supremacy in Italy to the Spanish. In 1542, 30,000 people died of typhus while fighting the Ottomans in the Balkans. The disease also played a major role in the destruction of Napoleon's Grande Arme in Russia in 1812. Typhus also killed numerous prisoners in the Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
Effects of Colonization. Encounters between European explorers and populations in the rest of the world often introduced local epidemics of extraordinary virulence. Disease killed the entire native (Guanches) population of the Canary Islands in the 16th century. Half the native population of Hispaniola in 1518 was killed by smallpox. Smallpox also ravaged Mexico in the 1520s, killing 150,000 in Tenochtitln alone, including the emperor, and Peru in the 1530s, aiding the European conquerors. Measles killed a further two million Mexican natives in the 1600s. Some believe that the death of 90 to 95 percent of the Native American population of the New World was caused by Old World diseases. As late as 1848C49, as many as 40,000 out of 150,000 Hawaiians are estimated to have died of measles, whooping cough and influenza.[6][7]
There are also a number of unknown diseases that were extremely serious but have now vanished, so the etiology of these diseases cannot be established. The cause of English Sweat in 16th-century England, which struck people down in an instant and was more greatly feared even than the bubonic plague, is still unknown.
- Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/12/2007
Ҫ˵ƻıҹ£˵ҲапᡣDzôô죿
ϡҿͷϾ㸣ˡйڿʮֲǰһ˵һϰҪǮδ죬Ȼϰֵͷˡ
ϣŮиƨãƻǺã - Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/12/2007
Why? Because rats love rice?
WOA wrote:
ٴǿõԭܹʮֶУŴйײ˱ȽͼݣӦ˸ĶȾʵĹҶˣ㿴ձԽϣһΪ - Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/12/2007
Why is that?
Ͻ wrote:
ȻҲйûзģ˵ŷѧչʷϿǰѺͬŷŮ˶ϵһǵġ - posted on 10/12/2007
Susan wrote:
Why? Because rats love rice?
No, this pandemic had nothing to do with rice......what I meant was rice economy is more immune to other animal-infected diseases, that's my theory anyway;))
See more explanation here about the Third Pandemic, again even Yunan was the breakout spot, the rest of world seemed to suffer no less from it than the Chinese population.
The disease is caused by a bacterium usually transmitted by the bite of fleas from an infected host, often a black rat. The bacteria are transferred from the blood of infected rats to the rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis). The bacillus multiplies in the stomach of the flea, blocking it. When the flea next bites a mammal, the consumed blood is regurgitated along with the bacillus into the bloodstream of the bitten animal. Any serious outbreak of plague is started by other disease outbreaks in the rodent population. During these outbreaks, infected fleas that have lost their normal hosts seek other sources of blood. The bacterium which causes this disease, Yersinia pestis, was named for Yersin. His discoveries led in time to modern treatment methods, including insecticides, the use of antibiotics and eventually plague vaccines.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Pandemic - posted on 10/12/2007
But there is no evidence that other animal-infected diseases have ever caused great number of casualties. In all these deadliest outbreaks the host of the bacteria is always rat. If rat loves rice, what is the advantage of the rice based economy? :-)
WOA wrote:
No, this pandemic had nothing to do with rice......what I meant was rice economy is more immune to other animal-infected diseases, that's my theory anyway;))
- Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/12/2007
Well. Apparently rats and rats related problems can be controlled and people do love rice and rice people are generally more humorous than other people. ;)
Susan wrote:
But there is no evidence that other animal-infected diseases have ever caused great number of casualties. In all these deadliest outbreaks the host of the bacteria is always rat. If rat loves rice, what is the advantage of the rice based economy? :-)
- posted on 10/12/2007
WOA wrote:
УҵţȻ²һʵ
һҵѧ룬ҪDzζ֮ijɱʱĴ۲סȴ൱ϺҽƱգ϶ǶƵĺã
˵ߣʼĩϵӦ߹ģģԵʱ˿ԾɱȲ˼ҵwikiгWHOȫδߣҪǿľĿҪصʱ˿ڵİٷֱȡ
ӢҿñȽϳˣöʲʶҸоʷļռıؽϴйʷ˵زȫл֣ⲻǵûǸöɫˡǰ˵ֺʱˡ˻ߣǰѻ֡ˮ֮֡֡ҵȶһ˵ġֺijƱػõĽΪЩǸûУǵˡγɴģ¼ΪӦͳһǣأ
ЩȷȫĻɼŴй˵áʹķǵ䡢УҲҵӡУ88ǴμٴǿõԭܹʮֶУŴйײ˱ȽͼݣӦ˸ĶȾʵĹҶˣ㿴ձԽϣһΪ
λҸеǺй˴ûţıɡеļȾļӰǺܴģڿƼʱѵú˿ϵôڹŴĸңŷDZݵʱǹϽ˿ڶ˾ͻʹԼĹǿսռƣôΪʲôеأ
ڡʥжᵽϵɫ己ڶ࣬ҲͨǡʹĹϵ۵Ĺ£ΨЩûеõļԼǺʷģи˿ϹĿܺСǴƭϵۣΪǸ˿ʵģҲǰѡԼʷġ
Ϊ˿͵õĹϵֻзܶӵʱвο塣˵ҹɳĮҵ˿ڵıȽʱǿ˵ɳĮҵũҵǹҵʹũҵ˿ϵ͡ж˹ǵҲôȽϡDZȽũҵ룬ҲǾǵûǸáˡ
⣬Ҵķлһ㣬˼˵ũҵﷴˣоǹ˶ˣҶҹͬ - posted on 10/12/2007
Temp wrote:
Ҫ˵ƻıҹ£˵ҲапᡣDzôô죿
ϡҿͷϾ㸣ˡйڿʮֲǰһ˵һϰҪǮδ죬Ȼϰֵͷˡ
ϣŮиƨãƻǺã
ţϢҪǷĻҵһѡΪֲųֵŻдڱֽҲ˻Ǯȥݱֽʡ֤ⷴˡϡձģҲġ
֪ôġϡĸ֣ǿ˹ŴʮТĹĶŮΧתӣҸоǾЩòˣʵDZˡ
ҶԡϡЩԼĿձ顣ˣѪԵϵȻģⲻúȥְ裬ⲻ˵˭˵ģȻô¶ģϵҲǴеġ
λǰҲ˵˺ҵһЩо֮ĹϵIJȶԣôΪܹб֤ĵõĵȺп϶ѪԵϵȺܻ
ҲйͳТıˣǰ˲˿ˣDzӤ˿ΪȱΪ˼ԲŻôТĹ£ҰТˡТΪˡִйձڵġͬĸԼĺӣҲΪԼĺȱΪ˼ģҲ˹ֵİĹ£ҰްˡΪˣִйҲձڵġ
λDzǴ˵ġϡһӾ뵽ˡТأ˵ô¶ȱǮʱ֮仹ܼãǺ˼ʹϵô˼ʹϵͲˣˣܹˣûʲôرԼĻӾͻȱǮ֮ĻܼãṩһЩǮͷʹܹȥҾӦһȻơǽΪĸǣҪĸ˵ûʲôϵ
кܶ˰ԼIJƸͶŵҵҵϣʹԼпڳԵľͲñ˶ҷչıȻôԼ¶չ˺ãǶʲôأһݲɨɨ£
ţΪϡǸõġṫ渣ȵȣչṩģ潻еģṩѵͥ͡һС˵ʱڼҳԷӦõģÿٶǮĸŮɣ
ҵ˼ũҵģǰѾ˵˺ҵ˵кܶDzʴӵģѾȻô
ͥʧȷȥ˼ȥȥΪһ£ǼͥձʧˣأȻѾ룬ϣĻôǿϲġչͥᷢչѡͳɹ
ţ⣬ϡ˵ḣķǡǡḣƶȵĻǰᡣḣе١գ൱ˡϡĸǼ弯ʵġϡģʽDZƶȻ˵ġϡ˵ġϡϲìܡңͥڲƲܼõЧҪƶȻ˵֯Чʸߣ˵ְǮ㻹ְҪϢô - posted on 10/12/2007
Ͻ wrote:
ѵú˿ϵôڹŴĸңŷDZݵʱǹϽ˿ڶ˾ͻʹԼĹǿսռƣôΪʲôеأ
DzΪDzҲŷ̫ˡһȫȡ£
Ϊ˿͵õĹϵֻзܶӵʱвο塣˵ҹɳĮҵ˿ڵıȽʱǿ˵ɳĮҵũҵǹҵʹũҵ˿ϵ͡ж˹ǵҲôȽϡDZȽũҵ룬ҲǾǵûǸáˡ
˿͵ùϵӦܴرˮ溵ԺˮyieldСҪϷˮһղֹһЩsupport˿ڡˮֲҲʳlabor intensiveҪˡ߳
ɳĮҲΪҵʹũҵɳĮִƼ֮ǰܷչũҵ
- posted on 10/12/2007
wrote:
Ͻ wrote:˿͵ùϵӦܴرˮ溵ԺˮyieldСҪϷˮһղֹһЩsupport˿ڡˮֲҲʳlabor intensiveҪˡ߳
Ͽģ硢Сһֻ˫齭
Ӧȫ
ˮֲlabor intensive: ˵Ķԡ
й˿ڵĩġ衷йء
ѷDzڵϾġѷľ
꪿ƣʢˮ
̸ֲʷú۲С
ɳĮҲΪҵʹũҵɳĮִƼ֮ǰܷչũҵ
Ҷһ˵˵ȵũҵҲ»Į֡
ԭⲻ
- Re: 对计划生育的小规模思考posted on 10/12/2007
wrote:
˿͵ùϵӦܴرˮ溵ԺˮyieldСҪϷˮһղֹһЩsupport˿ڡˮֲҲʳlabor intensiveҪˡ߳
ɳĮҲΪҵʹũҵɳĮִƼ֮ǰܷչũҵ
Ǻǣվˣڼҵһս֣
- posted on 10/12/2007
Well, Susan, if somehow we could come up with an MS-MIT-NASA-certified approach to beat your original question to death, I guess we're already talking about an alternative list for this year's Nobel Prize Winners;))
Nonetheless, for anything occurred in the times past, assuming the final facts are all set in stone, isn't there more fun to fabricate various historical conspiracies for time-killing purposes, just like we all gather here for? And after all, why do we need so many schools of thought even for registering the deceased past anyway?;))
Susan wrote:
But there is no evidence that other animal-infected diseases have ever caused great number of casualties. In all these deadliest outbreaks the host of the bacteria is always rat. If rat loves rice, what is the advantage of the rice based economy? :-)
WOA wrote:
No, this pandemic had nothing to do with rice......what I meant was rice economy is more immune to other animal-infected diseases, that's my theory anyway;))
- posted on 10/12/2007
xw˵ķҲе˿ڱǾʹԼǶʱ;ñϷһֱʳӻҪף
ҲشϽʵģ˵ŷޣţûгΪ½ҵҪ˿ڣҲΪƵļ߷봫ĸʡ
xw wrote:
й˿ڵĩġ衷йء
ѷDzڵϾġѷľ
꪿ƣʢˮ
̸ֲʷú۲С
- posted on 10/13/2007
WOA wrote:
xw˵ķҲе˿ڱǾʹԼǶʱ;ñϷһֱʳӻҪף
һЩ֣Ҳ֡
˿壬ף֪ж
ɡֱʮϻһսϡɵġ
ʹ֮磬ҲȻ㺣ι
ǵɽ˷˼ǣЩҲԷӵġĩ
⣬ҼǵдƳ衱
סƬΣҲʵģ
ʲôΪ
Ϊ㸸ߵôҴ
ˣö
ɽˡ
ֵͯúܶ࣬ʱǮһٽ
ëǮɡȻɽϣжҤʳãֻġ
˿ĹϵҲʵġ
- posted on 10/13/2007
Some theories. Note the reasoning in Stage Three.
--------------
Demographic Transition Model" (DTM)
The idea of DTM was first advanced by Warren Thompson in 1929. Frank W. Notestein developed this theory in 1945 and suggested that there was a relationship between population change and industrial development. He suggested that with time, countries go through a linear evolution from traditional, non-industrial society to a modern, industrial and urban one.
The transition involves four stages, or possibly five.
• In stage one, pre-industrial society, death rates and birth rates are high and roughly in balance.
• In stage two, that of a developing country, the death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which increase life spans and reduce disease. These changes usually come about due to improvements in farming techniques, access to technology, basic healthcare, and education. Without a corresponding fall in birth rates this produces an imbalance, and the countries in this stage experience a large increase in population.
• In stage three, birth rates fall due to access to contraception, increases in wages, urbanization, a reduction in subsistence agriculture, an increase in the status and education of women, a reduction in the value of children's work, an increase in parental investment in the education of children and other social changes. Population growth begins to level off.
• During stage four there are both low birth rates and low death rates. Birth rates may drop to well below replacement level as has happened in countries like Italy, Spain and Japan, leading to a shrinking population, a threat to many industries that rely on population growth. The large group born during stage two ages creates an economic burden on the shrinking working population. Death rates may remain consistently low or increase slightly due to increases in lifestyle diseases due to low exercise levels and high obesity and an ageing population in developed countries.
- Re: DTMposted on 10/13/2007
ţλĿǰ˵йʷϵũҵõй˿״ϷĵáﲻӲֻΪʲôйôʱĵöûʹ˿ȴ20Ͳ˿ڱըأ - posted on 10/13/2007
Ͻ wrote:
ţλĿǰ˵йʷϵũҵõй˿״ϷĵáﲻӲֻΪʲôйôʱĵöûʹ˿ȴ20Ͳ˿ڱըأ
й˿ڵǣǰٷֱģǶʮ͡
ľԺȷʵǹȵΪܷϹǰǣ
ɱξԵü졣
һҪһ㡣ж˵Ķʶڽ̾
䶼ʳ⡣ڿˡ(ڵйʳ
ʳʳҼǵСʱҲģ˳СҲ˵)
ǰػ˿֤Īdzжġи˹Ѹ
ʵ飬⣬ţ⣬ڿУζ
ȻҸĿζⲢʣ
- Re: DTMposted on 10/14/2007
ݣ Fairbank China: A New History Chapter 8: The Paradox of Growth without Development
Mid-Tang Dynasty: 60 million
Song Dynasty: 100 million
1600 early Qing: 150 million
1741: 143 million
1851: 432 million
һ¾Ҫ̸˿йأͬʱҲͼˮõǺǣɴ˿ϸλеҵӲҲ϶࣬ҪҸ֧֣
- posted on 10/14/2007
һֱʹΪַ˵ȻȨǣҲͬй˿ڲܲƣĻɿµ⡣
ǣִйȴĶһֱŵִ
ѻŮǿϻһ²ʹдʩǣϻŮԴ˺һЩҽǷĵطǺܳġΪȾϻ֮䵼»ж̥ȵȡ
ũͳУڼƻִпɶвģںҲвģܴĽҶ뵽ʵ½
ȥأٲӣ屾Żߣ˵ˣȥӶDZһӺãΪҪЩ⣬ǣһ̫¶ˡ
- posted on 10/14/2007
xw wrote:
Ͻ wrote:й˿ڵǣǰٷֱģǶʮ͡
ţλĿǰ˵йʷϵũҵõй˿״ϷĵáﲻӲֻΪʲôйôʱĵöûʹ˿ȴ20Ͳ˿ڱըأ
ľԺȷʵǹȵΪܷϹǰǣ
ɱξԵü졣
һҪһ㡣ж˵Ķʶڽ̾
䶼ʳ⡣ڿˡ(ڵйʳ
ʳʳҼǵСʱҲģ˳СҲ˵)
ǰػ˿֤Īdzжġи˹Ѹ
ʵ飬⣬ţ⣬ڿУζ
ȻҸĿζⲢʣ
˵ˡ⡱ˣǰ۵˼ȴ˵˿ڱǵԭ֮һ˼ˣԭġ
һ˶Ǽ¶ôҲ˵һԴһ֮ڣ˿ڱһ֮䣬Ǻ¶Ҫ̫ҲҪ̫ࡣ
峯ĽҪڵĽܶء
ҷԼƻûСԽԽá˼ҿҵ뷨ˡƻǿѧĽеĻ˵ȰζԸ϶ֵ仯ãҲûмƻвõĸֶΣϴԡΥԸġҼƻһȻڹ̵̣ģͥﱾмƻеڵģ֣ƶȻˣˣҷԵġ
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- #41 xw
- #42 Susan
- #43 朱老剑客
- #44 xw
- #45 WOA
- #46 xiaoman
- #47 朱老剑客
(c) 2010 Maya Chilam Foundation
