ӢƷʿŴ
ʮһ
˵Ӣ۶ú˵ŮӢۡϰעӢƷʿŴͬʱӢκһĻĸĸԾԾضÿһкѬսҪݡӢƷŴĻǺɣӢƷʿŴôȻСӢۻڡ
ӢƷʼ˵DzϧԼĸԼˣԼȺ档ռӢΪԼΪۣսΪľˣо"Ϊ߲嵶"ĺúӢƷҪأһdz졣Ȼ˵ȰӢۣҪȴֶЩӢ۱˵Ĵ
Ϊ(altruism)ָ˽ءԼ°ˣͨԼˡΪǴΪ911ʱϰӿʮֻѪ߲ǰŦԼһİ·ӭŷɳ۶Ļͷ¹һﲡˡΪҲdzͷԵģ硶ˮ䰡³ϽȭͨͶȺijЩԱϹΪijͽ䡣ΪҲ""ijͷսһзѽͷΪصǶⲿԱijͷȶڲԱΪ
Ϊ(parochialism)ָǵضԴ켺ӣҲЩԼˡ塢ĻλڽͬȺҲͬѧͬĺɴ¹̫˵ڽΪҰɱ¬ﲿ֮ĻΪҰɱŷްͶɵͽ˹ֵɱԷƽΪĿս˹ڲ֮֮ͬԴ֮Сׯ֮ũˮԴеdzåŻֵȨĻ
ʱͳΪͬʱͬһ(parochial altruism)͵ijǾˡðԼΣգΪԼȺĹͬ棬ռȻԴǼ˵ΪжĿ곣ˣԼˡǼ˵ijΪ
ҪΪԼΪۡԱ˵İԽҲԽ߲˶Աطͬ档˲Ϊ𡱣Ϊ澺ΪҲ澺ѹãΪų˵ʱò˵ĺͰΪһij˵Ĵ۸ܼԼսʿлᴫڽӴˣѡĽԳΪ
ȻмصʷһսʷǧССսڵκһ˵Ľ䶼ϵġսҪսʿҪӢɱеսʿҲͬʱ߱˵ͳƷʵӢۡսʵͱκһִȺﶼȱսʿֻٶѡĽѹԴͳֲڸ״أ
ѧ־һƪ(Choi & Bowles, Science 318:636, 2007) ģͱͳƺȻ෴Ϊпѡѹ¹ͬŴ״
оԱЯAΪPܳΪټٶһ̶ԭҰϷֲһЩȺÿȺˣ첢ߣսʿPAЯPAݣ죩ߣTAֻЯA쵫ߣPNֻЯPԼݵߣTNЯAP
ȺǷжɿݵ(TATN)ȺֱռıһȺߵıf(Ti)һȺf(Tj)ôȺȡжĿ1-f(Ti)*f(Tj)ݵԽ࣬ĿԽСȻжս״̬жȺ֮ǷսҪڿܻõսĴСսָսʤ˿ֳսСȡ˫ʵʵսʿ˿ıʵҲ˫սʿIJֵʵ൱ʱܻõսСսĿҲСʵʱսջټʵǿһʤҲϴսĿҲʹģһЩʼÿԲοսʷϡģתٶѭƷ̣һΪһΪûӰ졣
Ⱥ֮䴦ںƽ״̬ʱȻûսеж״̬ڵж״̬£һЩΪܺᳯݵˣTATNȽ϶ĵط˫ʵ൱ĵطǨơսһһ˫Աʧʤʧһսʿʷ飬սʿʧͨDzս14ܷԱʧȽϲءսʿ֮⣬Ҫƽʷܷƽ˿ʧǽս˫ʵ2.5˫ʵԽܷƽʧԽսĵڶʤ˿ֳʤֳٶͬڰܷʧƽԭҰϵ˿ӡֳʱرŴˣʤȺϣÿ˲PAŴɶݡ
ģʾPAĴݹɺ˼ȣ൱սԭҰϻԵ˿ġһԿݵˣTNЯAPΪǸúƽĵһԳ첢ˣPAͬʱЯPAΪǸսĵʱϿȺӰúƽתΪսҪ̫áÿһ˶սԼһٶת䣬ʹȺĻṹԺսPAΪҲһսΪȺҲںʵ¾һȰƽĿΪ
Ȼս˶Գ(PA)ҲǶǵӢѡںƽͬʱЯPA˵ı424֮䡣ƽԲӢۡںսͬʱЯPA˵ı4070֮䣬˵Ӣ۱ҪǣPAȻٶǶݣںսȴԵسͬһϡںս˿Я˻A˾ҲЯ˻PЯP˸ٷ֮ٵЯAƽPAĴûԹ̿ЯPA˶ƶսʹںսԸƵʷֲټսʤ˿ֳĿԶսʧǵĺͬʱ̳ĸʾͱˡˣܵAPѡѹãPAһȴսѡŮⴹڳӢƷʡŮԼһսߡ
ҵɵǣģ˫ʵļսԤⶼսʿ˿ıf(PA)ΪжȺսں̶ܴϾͬʱЯPAȺĿпܻƫڴٽPAҴɡ
Ȼڻûҵ"Ӣۻ"ģݱĽпܴڡ뵽˵ϵͳϵͳĹΪ˱ųڵ켺ϸʡ"Ӣۻ"ڣԼӦøϵͳܵһȺϵһŴѡ
- Re: [近水楼台]斥异和利他行为与posted on 11/02/2007
Should be NY subway, not DC metro.
Thanks for educating us, senior 8. :-)
ʮһ wrote:߲ǰʢеһİ·ӭŷɳ۶Ļͷ¹һﲡˡ
Ϊ"Ӣۻ"
ʮһ
- Re: [近水楼台]斥异和利他行为与posted on 11/02/2007
Thanks. Senior Wukong. :-)
wukong wrote:
Should be NY subway, not DC metro.
Thanks for educating us, senior 8. :-)
ʮһ wrote:߲ǰʢеһİ·ӭŷɳ۶Ļͷ¹һﲡˡ
Ϊ"Ӣۻ"
ʮһ
- Re: [近水楼台]斥异和利他行为与posted on 11/02/2007
ܵģûлܵġ
ģһԵѧơ - Re: [近水楼台]posted on 11/02/2007
ϵۿ϶ģ ħ϶dzģ аĽ粻Сʲ˵ķѳӪ𣿻õŰҹȥģͣ
ֽģֻҪΪĸ״̬֮תʣվܹﵽһȶ״̬ʼֵأƷؿ̡
- Re: [近水楼台]斥异和利他行为与posted on 11/02/2007
Interesting, isn't it?
wrote:
ܵģûлܵġ
ģһԵѧơ - Re: [近水楼台]posted on 11/02/2007
WOA wrote:
ϵۿ϶ģ ħ϶dzģ аĽ粻Сʲ˵ķѳӪ𣿻õŰҹȥģͣ
:-))
ֽģֻҪΪĸ״̬֮תʣվܹﵽһȶ״̬ʼֵأƷؿ̡
תأ - posted on 11/02/2007
лʮһӡ
WOA wrote:
ϵۿ϶ģ ħ϶dzģ аĽ粻Сʲ˵ķѳӪ𣿻õŰҹȥģͣ
ֽģֻҪΪĸ״̬֮תʣվܹﵽһȶ״̬ʼֵأƷؿ̡
ܷﵽȶ״̬һ⣬ﵽʲô״̬һ⡣ģͣϵۺͶħɳһӪأһƵʺܵͣ˵common senseҲô obvious ɣ
һʮһûᣬPAս TNƽȶ״̬֮תԺܿġ - posted on 11/02/2007
wrote:
лʮһӡ
WOA wrote:ܷﵽȶ״̬һ⣬ﵽʲô״̬һ⡣ģͣϵۺͶħɳһӪأһƵʺܵͣ˵common senseҲô obvious ɣ
ϵۿ϶ģ ħ϶dzģ аĽ粻Сʲ˵ķѳӪ𣿻õŰҹȥģͣ
ֽģֻҪΪĸ״̬֮תʣվܹﵽһȶ״̬ʼֵأƷؿ̡
һʮһûᣬPAս TNƽȶ״̬֮תԺܿġ
ָҪӵ¥ˡ - Re: [近水楼台]posted on 11/02/2007
ҪԹҪˡתȷĻ״̬ҲȫȷȻ֮99ڼΡ
⣬ΪһϷĿdz
wrote:
ܷﵽȶ״̬һ⣬ﵽʲô״̬һ⡣ģͣϵۺͶħɳһӪأһƵʺܵͣ˵common senseҲô obvious ɣ
- Re: [近水楼台]英雄品质可以遗传吗?posted on 11/02/2007
ǺϰûԭĿ
ҪսͺתԼӢۻѡơ - posted on 11/02/2007
Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):636-40.
The coevolution of parochial altruism and war.
Choi JK, Bowles S.
School of Economics and Trade, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
Altruism-benefiting fellow group members at a cost to oneself-and parochialism-hostility toward individuals not of one's own ethnic, racial, or other group-are common human behaviors. The intersection of the two-which we term "parochial altruism"-is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective because altruistic or parochial behavior reduces one's payoffs by comparison to what one would gain by eschewing these behaviors. But parochial altruism could have evolved if parochialism promoted intergroup hostilities and the combination of altruism and parochialism contributed to success in these conflicts. Our game-theoretic analysis and agent-based simulations show that under conditions likely to have been experienced by late Pleistocene and early Holocene humans, neither parochialism nor altruism would have been viable singly, but by promoting group conflict, they could have evolved jointly.
fig.1

Fig. 1. Between-group interaction. Notation: fTi, fTj = the fractions who are tolerant in group i and group j, respectively; hij = 1CfTifTj = the probability that an interaction between groups i and j will be hostile; Formula = the fractions who are parochial altruists in group i and j; Formula; |{Delta}ij| = probability that a hostile interaction will result in a war; {lambda}i = the probability that group i wins the war; {delta}f = the fraction of fighters (PAs) who die should a war occur ({delta}f = 0.14 in our benchmark simulations) and {delta}c |{Delta}ij| = fraction of civilian mortality in the losing group ({delta}c = 2.5 in our benchmark simulations). Payoff refers to the payoffs to the public goods and peaceful intergroup interactions described in Table 1.
touche wrote:
ǺϰûԭĿ
ҪսͺתԼӢۻѡơ - posted on 11/03/2007
touche wrote:
ǺϰûԭĿ
ҪսͺתԼӢۻѡơ
Ҳðүʾ
ǧսƽʷԼ˿ݱĽƺǴĻΪݾͺ˵ˡԴأԼĽˮ硱ֻǸģѡԺ˶ԣɹš塢ձʱֿ˿һDZ˿ңα˶DZ˶ࣿм˶DZ˶ࣿ
ݻǰ֣ӲĿеҲһ֮ԣҲаɣǺǣ
ڲݼʵĹ϶
ȥ
ЩɫƤ
һ
ڽͤ
һ罭
һͷȥ紺
Щ
Ƕû
Щ϶
һѿݸɵĶ
߶
ʷҰʷ͵
ʡ˸ϵ
- posted on 11/03/2007
here is the algorithm:
7. Algorithm Structure
Interested readers may experiment with alternative parameter values at
http://www.santafe.edu/~bowles/artificial_history/index.html
Those wishing to study our
C++ code may email jkchoi@knu.ac.kr.
WOA wrote:
⣬ΪһϷĿdz
- Re: [近水楼台]英雄品质可以遗传吗?posted on 11/03/2007
ȡԼȥɡ:-)
longspeak wrote:
Ҳðүʾ
ǧսƽʷԼ˿ݱĽƺǴĻΪݾͺ˵ˡԴأԼĽˮ硱ֻǸģѡԺ˶ԣɹš塢ձʱֿ˿һDZ˿ңα˶DZ˶ࣿм˶DZ˶ࣿ
- Re: [近水楼台]英雄品质可以遗传吗?posted on 11/03/2007
̫ӰӢܣлҲԡ Achilles Hector Henry V Ҷ Henry VI - posted on 11/03/2007
ҵ䣺
̿ЯPA˶ƶսʹںսԸƵʷֲټʤս˿ֳĿԶսʧǵĺͬʱ̳ĸʾͱˡˣܵAPѡѹãһȴսѡŮⴹڳӢƷʡŮԼһսߡ
ģ˫ʵսսʿ˿ıf(PA)Ϊģսں̶ܴPAĶ١пܻƫPAҴɡ
touche wrote:
ǺϰûԭĿ
ҪսͺתԼӢۻѡơ - Re: [近水楼台]英雄品质可以遗传吗?posted on 11/03/2007
chloe wrote:
̫ӰӢܣлҲԡ Achilles Hector Henry V Ҷ Henry VI
еԵġ - Re: [近水楼台]英雄品质可以遗传吗?posted on 11/03/2007
chloe wrote:
̫ӰӢܣлҲԡ Achilles Hector Henry V Ҷ Henry VI
Yep.
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survivor china ء
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